Difference between revisions of "Siemens"
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
m |
m (added CT100) |
||
| (39 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
[[File:Siemens & Halske - Logo - 1971.png|thumb|The Siemens Logo as seen in 1971]] | [[File:Siemens & Halske - Logo - 1971.png|thumb|The Siemens Logo as seen in 1971]] | ||
The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siemens Siemens Corperation] has, throughout the years produced many things, among them was the very First [[Electron Microsocpe]]. The history of the Electron Microscope started with Siemenes and Ernst Ruska, together with his research team, they created the very first Electron Microscopes. | The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siemens Siemens Corperation] has, throughout the years produced many things, among them was the very First [[Electron Microsocpe]]. The history of the Electron Microscope started with Siemenes and Ernst Ruska, together with his research team, they created the very first Electron Microscopes. | ||
| + | = Timeline = | ||
| + | <itimeline> | ||
| + | |||
| + | 1939-01-01/1949-01-01|Universal|Übermikroskop | ||
| + | 1949-01-01/1955-01-01|Universal|[[ÜM100]] | ||
| + | 1954-01-01/1961-01-01|Universal|[[Elmiskop I]] | ||
| + | 1961-01-01/1971-01-01|Universal|[[Elmiskop IA]] | ||
| + | 1968-01-01/1971-01-01|Universal|[[Elmiskop 101]] | ||
| + | 1971-01-01/1978-01-01|Universal|[[Elmiskop 102]] | ||
| + | 1977-01-01/1978-01-01|Universal|[[Elmiskop CT150]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | 1961-01-01/1971-01-01|EPMA|[[Elmisonde]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | 1977-01-01/1978-01-01|STEM|[[Elmiskop ST100F]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | 1949-01-01/1955-01-01|Budget|[[ÜM60]] | ||
| + | 1955-01-01/1956-01-01|Budget|[[Elmiskop II]] | ||
| + | 1956-01-01/1971-01-01|Budget|[[Elmiskop 51]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | 1938-01-01|Experimental|Prototyp 1 | ||
| + | 1938-05-01|Experimental|Prototyp 2 | ||
| + | 1954-01-01|Experimental|Elmiskop II Prototype | ||
| + | 1956-01-01|Experimental|Elmiskop 51 Prototype | ||
| + | </itimeline> | ||
| + | |||
= Models = | = Models = | ||
Siemens, as the company responsible for the invention of the Electron Microscope has produced many models throughout the years, also selling a rebadged version of the [[ETEC Autoscan| Etec Autoscan]] which was sold under the Siemens name outside the United States. Most of their models however where of the Transmission kind, mostly due to Ernst Ruskas Prescience. | Siemens, as the company responsible for the invention of the Electron Microscope has produced many models throughout the years, also selling a rebadged version of the [[ETEC Autoscan| Etec Autoscan]] which was sold under the Siemens name outside the United States. Most of their models however where of the Transmission kind, mostly due to Ernst Ruskas Prescience. | ||
| − | ==Transmission Electron Microscops | + | ==Transmission Electron Microscops== |
| − | |||
{{#DeviceInfoBox2:tem|Prototyp 1|File:Siemens - Prototyp.png| | {{#DeviceInfoBox2:tem|Prototyp 1|File:Siemens - Prototyp.png| | ||
OEM=File:Siemens & Halske - Logo - 1971.png; | OEM=File:Siemens & Halske - Logo - 1971.png; | ||
| Line 63: | Line 87: | ||
proj_no=1; | proj_no=1; | ||
holder=Cartridge, Top Entery; | holder=Cartridge, Top Entery; | ||
| − | chamber= | + | chamber=1·10⁻⁴ Torr; |
| + | |}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | {{#DeviceInfoBox2:tem|ÜM60|| | ||
| + | OEM=File:Siemens & Halske - Logo - 1971.png; | ||
| + | year=1950; | ||
| + | successor=Elmiskop II; | ||
| + | accel=Self Biased Triode; | ||
| + | accel_volt=40, 50, 60 KV; | ||
| + | cath_type=Tungsten Hairpin; | ||
| + | conl_type=Electromagnetic; | ||
| + | objl_type=Electromagnetic; | ||
| + | proj_type=Electromagnetic; | ||
| + | proj_no=1; | ||
| + | holder=Cartridge, Top Entery; | ||
| + | |||
|}} | |}} | ||
| Line 73: | Line 112: | ||
power=3.3 KVA; | power=3.3 KVA; | ||
weight=1200 Kg; | weight=1200 Kg; | ||
| − | accel_stab= | + | accel_stab=2·10⁻⁵⁄ₘᵢₙ; |
cath_heat=AC; | cath_heat=AC; | ||
successor=Elmiskop IA; | successor=Elmiskop IA; | ||
| Line 81: | Line 120: | ||
conl_type=Electromagnetic; | conl_type=Electromagnetic; | ||
conl_no=2; | conl_no=2; | ||
| − | conl_stab= | + | conl_stab=1·10⁻³⁄ₘᵢₙ; |
conl_stig=Moveing Iron; | conl_stig=Moveing Iron; | ||
conl_spot=2µm; | conl_spot=2µm; | ||
| Line 87: | Line 126: | ||
objl_foc=2.8mm; | objl_foc=2.8mm; | ||
objl_range=2.8mm to 7.4mm; | objl_range=2.8mm to 7.4mm; | ||
| − | objl_stab= | + | objl_stab=1·10⁻⁵⁄ₘᵢₙ; |
objl_res=5Å; | objl_res=5Å; | ||
objl_type=Electromagnetic; | objl_type=Electromagnetic; | ||
proj_type=Electromagnetic; | proj_type=Electromagnetic; | ||
proj_no=2; | proj_no=2; | ||
| − | proj_stab= | + | proj_stab=1·10⁻⁴⁄ₘᵢₙ; |
proj_conf=4 Polpiece Revolver; | proj_conf=4 Polpiece Revolver; | ||
proj_mag=12.5:1, 31.2:1, 62.5:1, 125:1, 250:1; | proj_mag=12.5:1, 31.2:1, 62.5:1, 125:1, 250:1; | ||
holder=Cartridge, Top Entery; | holder=Cartridge, Top Entery; | ||
| − | chamber= | + | chamber=1·10⁻⁴ Torr; |
| + | objl_spher=3.3 mm; | ||
| | | | ||
{{#tree: | {{#tree: | ||
| Line 135: | Line 175: | ||
}} | }} | ||
}} | }} | ||
| + | |||
| + | {{#DeviceInfoBox2:tem|Elmiskop II Protoype|File:Siemens - Elmiskop II Prototype.png| | ||
| + | OEM=File:Siemens & Halske - Logo - 1971.png; | ||
| + | year=1954; | ||
| + | successor=Elmiskop II; | ||
| + | accel=Self Biased Steigerwald Triode; | ||
| + | accel_volt=40, 50, 60 KV; | ||
| + | cath_type=Tungsten Hairpin; | ||
| + | objl_type=Electromagnetic; | ||
| + | proj_type=Electromagnetic; | ||
| + | proj_no=1; | ||
| + | holder=Cartridge, Top Entery; | ||
| + | objl_stab=3·10⁻⁵⁄ₘᵢₙ; | ||
| + | objl_res=25Å; | ||
| + | proj_conf=4 Polpiece Revolver; | ||
| + | |}} | ||
| − | == | + | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | {{#DeviceInfoBox2:tem|Elmiskop II|File:Siemens - Elmiskop II - Column 2.png| | |
| − | + | OEM=File:Siemens & Halske - Logo - 1971.png; | |
| − | + | year=1955; | |
| − | + | successor=Elmiskop 51; | |
| − | + | accel=Self Biased Steigerwald Triode; | |
| − | + | accel_volt=50 KV; | |
| − | + | accel_stab=5·10⁻⁵⁄ₘᵢₙ; | |
| − | + | cath_type=Tungsten Hairpin; | |
| − | + | objl_type=Electromagnetic; | |
| − | + | proj_type=Electromagnetic; | |
| − | + | proj_no=1; | |
| − | + | holder=Cartridge, Top Entery; | |
| − | + | power=2 KVA; | |
| − | + | weight=700 Kg; | |
| − | + | objl_foc=1.8mm; | |
| − | + | objl_range=2.8mm to 7.4mm; | |
| − | + | objl_stab=3·10⁻⁵⁄ₘᵢₙ; | |
| − | + | objl_res=15Å; | |
| − | + | proj_conf=4 Polpiece Revolver; | |
| − | + | proj_mag=16.9:1, 69.9:1, 146:1, 300:1; | |
| − | + | conl_stig=Moveing Iron; | |
| − | + | mag_range=295x, 1925x, 8Kx, 17Kx, 35Kx; | |
| − | + | chamber=1·10⁻⁴Torr; | |
| − | + | |}} | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | {{#DeviceInfoBox2:tem|Elmiskop 51|File:Elmiskop51-overview-meek.jpg| | |
| − | + | OEM=File:Siemens & Halske - Logo - 1971.png; | |
| − | + | year=1956; | |
| − | + | accel=Self Biased Steigerwald Triode; | |
| − | + | accel_volt=50 KV; | |
| − | + | accel_stab=5·10⁻⁵⁄ₘᵢₙ; | |
| − | + | cath_type=Tungsten Hairpin; | |
| − | + | objl_type=Permanent Magnet; | |
| − | + | proj_type=Permanent Magnet; | |
| − | + | proj_no=1; | |
| − | + | objl_res=25-50Å; | |
| − | + | proj_conf=4 Polpiece Revolver; | |
| − | + | conl_stig=Moveing Iron; | |
| − | + | |}} | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | {{#DeviceInfoBox2:tem|Elmiskop IA|File:Siemens-Elmiskop-IA.jpg| | |
| − | + | OEM=File:Siemens & Halske - Logo - 1971.png; | |
| − | + | year=1961; | |
| − | + | mag_range=200x - 200Kx; | |
| − | + | mag_gauge=Galvanometer; | |
| − | + | power=3.3 KVA; | |
| − | + | weight=1200 Kg; | |
| − | + | accel_stab=2·10⁻⁵⁄ₘᵢₙ; | |
| − | + | cath_heat=AC; | |
| − | + | successor=Elmiskop 101; | |
| − | + | accel=Self Biased Triode; | |
| − | + | accel_volt=40, 60, 80, 100 KV; | |
| − | + | cath_type=Tungsten Hairpin; | |
| − | + | conl_type=Electromagnetic; | |
| − | + | conl_no=2; | |
| − | + | conl_stab=1·10⁻³⁄ₘᵢₙ; | |
| − | + | conl_stig=Moveing Iron; | |
| − | + | conl_spot=2µm; | |
| − | + | xy=± 0.8 mm; | |
| − | + | objl_foc=2.8mm; | |
| − | + | objl_range=2.8mm to 7.4mm; | |
| − | + | objl_stab=1·10⁻⁵⁄ₘᵢₙ; | |
| − | + | objl_res=5Å; | |
| − | + | objl_type=Electromagnetic; | |
| − | + | proj_type=Electromagnetic; | |
| − | + | proj_no=2; | |
| − | + | proj_stab=1·10⁻⁴⁄ₘᵢₙ; | |
| − | + | proj_conf=4 Polpiece Revolver; | |
| − | + | proj_mag=12.5:1, 31.2:1, 62.5:1, 125:1, 250:1; | |
| − | + | holder=Cartridge, Top Entery; | |
| − | + | chamber=1·10⁻⁴Torr; | |
| − | + | objl_spher=3.3 mm; | |
| − | + | | | |
| − | + | }} | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | {{#DeviceInfoBox2:tem|Elmiskop 101|File:Siemens Elmiskop-101-PLI.jpg| | |
| − | + | OEM=File:Siemens & Halske - Logo - 1971.png; | |
| − | + | year=1968; | |
| − | + | mag_range=285x - 260Kx; | |
| − | + | mag_gauge=Galvanometer; | |
| − | + | successor=Elmiskop 102; | |
| − | + | accel=Self Biased Triode; | |
| + | accel_volt=40, 60, 80, 100, 125 KV; | ||
| + | cath_type=Tungsten Hairpin; | ||
| + | conl_type=Electromagnetic; | ||
| + | conl_no=2; | ||
| + | conl_stig=Electromagnetic Octopol; | ||
| + | xy=± 0.8 mm; | ||
| + | objl_type=Electromagnetic; | ||
| + | proj_type=Electromagnetic; | ||
| + | proj_no=2; | ||
| + | proj_conf=2 Polpiece Revolver; | ||
| + | holder=Cartridge, Top Entery; | ||
| + | |}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | {{#DeviceInfoBox2:tem|Elmiskop 102|Siemens-elmiskop102 from-brochure.png| | ||
| + | OEM=File:Siemens & Halske - Logo - 1971.png; | ||
| + | year=1972; | ||
| + | mag_range=200x - 500Kx; | ||
| + | mag_gauge=Digital; | ||
| + | power=4 KVA; | ||
| + | weight= Kg; | ||
| + | accel_stab=2·10⁻⁶⁄ₘᵢₙ; | ||
| + | cath_heat=DC; | ||
| + | successor=Elmiskop 103; | ||
| + | accel=Self Biased Triode; | ||
| + | accel_volt=20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 125 KV; | ||
| + | cath_type=Tungsten Hairpin, Tungsten Lancet; | ||
| + | conl_type=Electromagnetic; | ||
| + | conl_no=2; | ||
| + | conl_stab=5·10⁻⁶⁄ₘᵢₙ; | ||
| + | conl_stig=Electromagnetic Octopol; | ||
| + | conl_spot=1.7µm / 0.5 µm; | ||
| + | xy=± 1 mm; | ||
| + | objl_foc=2.7mm; | ||
| + | objl_range=1.6mm (20KV) to 7mm; | ||
| + | objl_stab=< 2·10⁻⁶⁄ₘᵢₙ; | ||
| + | objl_res=3Å; | ||
| + | objl_type=Electromagnetic; | ||
| + | proj_type=Electromagnetic; | ||
| + | proj_no=3; | ||
| + | proj_stab=<5·10⁻⁶⁄ₘᵢₙ; | ||
| + | proj_conf=Single Polpiece; | ||
| + | holder=Cartridge, Top Entery; | ||
| + | chamber=5·10⁻⁶ Torr; | ||
| + | objl_spher=2.9 mm; | ||
| + | objl_chrom=2.1 mm; | ||
| + | successor=Elmiskop CT150; | ||
| + | | | ||
| + | }} | ||
| + | {{#DeviceInfoBox2:tem|Elmiskop CT150|Simens-Elmiskop-ct150-from-brochure.jpg| | ||
| + | OEM=File:Siemens & Halske - Logo - 1971.png; | ||
| + | year=1977; | ||
| + | mag_gauge=Digital; | ||
| + | mag_range=500x - 1200Kx; | ||
| + | accel=Self Biased Triode; | ||
| + | accel_volt=20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 125, 150 KV; | ||
| + | accel_current=100nA → 100µA; | ||
| + | power=5.5kVA; | ||
| + | weight= 1800Kg; | ||
| + | accel_stab=2·10⁻⁶⁄ₘᵢₙ; | ||
| + | cath_heat=DC; | ||
| + | cath_type=Tungsten Hairpin, Tungsten Lancet; | ||
| + | conl_type=Electromagnetic; | ||
| + | conl_no=2; | ||
| + | conl_stab=<5·10⁻⁶⁄ₘᵢₙ; | ||
| + | conl_stig=Electromagnetic Octopol; | ||
| + | conl_spot=500 nm / 200 nm; | ||
| + | holder=Side Entry; | ||
| + | chamber=5·10⁻⁶ Torr; | ||
| + | objl_spher=1.4 mm; | ||
| + | objl_chrom=1.3 mm; | ||
| + | objl_foc=1.7mm; | ||
| + | objl_type=Electromagnetic; | ||
| + | objl_stab=< 2·10⁻⁷⁄ₘᵢₙ; | ||
| + | objl_res=3Å; | ||
| + | proj_type=Electromagnetic; | ||
| + | proj_no=3; | ||
| + | proj_stab=<5·10⁻⁶⁄ₘᵢₙ; | ||
| + | proj_conf=Single Polpiece; | ||
| + | | | ||
| + | }} | ||
| + | {{#DeviceInfoBox2:tem|Elmiskop CT100|| | ||
| + | OEM=File:Siemens & Halske - Logo - 1971.png; | ||
| + | year=1977; | ||
| + | mag_gauge=Digital; | ||
| + | accel=Self Biased Triode; | ||
| + | accel_volt=20, 40, 60, 80, 100 KV ?; | ||
| + | | | ||
| + | }} | ||
| + | </br> | ||
| + | <div>~</div> | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[Category:Pages using DynamicPageList parser function]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Scanning Transmission Electron Microscops == | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| + | ! scope="row" colspan="9" style="text-align:left;"|[[Elmiskop ST100F]] | ||
| + | |-style="vertical-align:top;" | ||
| + | |style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"|[[File:Siemens - Elmiskop ST100F Overview - annotated.jpg|200px|link=Elmiskop ST100F]] | ||
|style="text-align:center;"| | |style="text-align:center;"| | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| − | ! scope="row" colspan="2"| | + | ! scope="row" colspan="2"|General |
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! scope="row"| | + | ! scope="row"|Year |
| − | |style="text-align:center;"| | + | |style="text-align:center;"| 1977 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! scope="row"| | + | ! scope="row"|Successor |
| − | |style="text-align:center;"| | + | |style="text-align:center;"| none |
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! scope="row"| | + | ! scope="row"|Magnification Range |
| − | |style="text-align:center;"| | + | |style="text-align:center;"| 50x - 10e7X |
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! scope="row"| | + | ! scope="row"|Magnification Gauge Type |
| − | |style="text-align:center;"| | + | |style="text-align:center;"| |
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! scope="row"| | + | ! scope="row"|Specemin Chamber Pressure |
| − | |style="text-align:center;"| | + | |style="text-align:center;"|10e-7 mBar |
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! scope="row"| | + | ! scope="row"|Power Consumption |
| − | |style="text-align:center;"| | + | |style="text-align:center;"| |
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! scope="row"| | + | ! scope="row"|System Weight |
| − | |style="text-align:center;"| | + | |style="text-align:center;"| |
| + | |} | ||
| + | |style="text-align:center;"| | ||
| + | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| + | ! scope="row" colspan="2"|Electrion Source | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! scope="row"| | + | ! scope="row"| Accelerator Type |
| − | |style="text-align:center;"| | + | |style="text-align:center;"|[[Crewe FE Electron Gun]] |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! scope="row"| | + | ! scope="row"| Cathode Type |
| − | |style="text-align:center;"| | + | |style="text-align:center;"|[[Cold Field Emmision]] |
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! scope="row"| | + | ! scope="row"| Accelerating Voltage |
| − | |style="text-align:center;"| | + | |style="text-align:center;"|20, 40, 60, 80, 100 KV, (10 - 30 KV) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! scope="row"| | + | ! scope="row"|Stability |
| − | |style="text-align:center;"| | + | |style="text-align:center;"|2*10e-6 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! scope="row"| | + | ! scope="row"|Cathode Heating Methode |
|style="text-align:center;"|N/A | |style="text-align:center;"|N/A | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! scope="row"|Alignment | + | ! scope="row"|Alignment Methode |
| − | |style="text-align:center;"| | + | |style="text-align:center;"| |
| − | + | |} | |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
|style="text-align:center;"| | |style="text-align:center;"| | ||
| − | + | {| class="wikitable" | |
| − | ! scope="row" colspan="2"| | + | ! scope="row" colspan="2"|Condensor |
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! scope="row"| | + | ! scope="row"|Number of Condensor Lenses |
| − | |style="text-align:center;"| | + | |style="text-align:center;"|1 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! scope="row"| | + | ! scope="row"|Current Stability |
| − | |style="text-align:center;"| | + | |style="text-align:center;"|2*10e-6 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! scope="row"| | + | ! scope="row"|Stigmator |
| − | |style="text-align:center;"| | + | |style="text-align:center;"| |
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! scope="row"| | + | ! scope="row"|Minimum Spot Size Diameter |
| − | |style="text-align:center;"| | + | |style="text-align:center;"| |
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! scope="row"| | + | ! scope="row"|Condensor Alignment |
| − | |style="text-align:center;"| | + | |style="text-align:center;"| |
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! scope="row"| | + | ! scope="row"|Lens Type |
| − | |style="text-align:center;"| | + | |style="text-align:center;"|Crewe Electrostatic |
|- | |- | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
|} | |} | ||
| − | + | |style="text-align:center;"| | |
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| − | ! scope="row" colspan="2"| | + | ! scope="row" colspan="2"|Stage |
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! scope="row"| | + | ! scope="row"|Holder Type |
| − | |style="text-align:center;"| | + | |style="text-align:center;"| |
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! scope="row"| | + | ! scope="row"|X, Y Travel Range |
| − | |style="text-align:center;"| | + | |style="text-align:center;"|+- 1 mm |
| + | |} | ||
| + | |style="text-align:center;"| | ||
| + | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| + | ! scope="row" colspan="2"|Objective Lens | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! scope="row"| | + | ! scope="row"|Focal Length |
| − | |style="text-align:center;"| | + | |style="text-align:center;"| 1.8 mm |
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! scope="row"| | + | ! scope="row"|Adjustment Range |
| − | |style="text-align:center;"| | + | |style="text-align:center;"| |
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! scope="row"| | + | ! scope="row"|Spherical Error |
| − | |style="text-align:center;"| | + | |style="text-align:center;"|1.3 mm |
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! scope="row"| | + | ! scope="row"|Chromatic Error |
| − | + | |style="text-align:center;"|1.3 mm | |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |style="text-align:center;"|1 | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"|Current Stability | ! scope="row"|Current Stability | ||
| − | |style="text-align:center;"| | + | |style="text-align:center;"| 1 * 10e-6 |
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"|Stigmator | ! scope="row"|Stigmator | ||
| + | |style="text-align:center;"|Electromagnetic | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! scope="row"|Alignment Aids | ||
|style="text-align:center;"| | |style="text-align:center;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! scope="row"| | + | ! scope="row"|Point Resolution |
| − | |style="text-align:center;"| | + | |style="text-align:center;"|2 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angstrom Å] |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"|Lens Type | ! scope="row"|Lens Type | ||
|style="text-align:center;"|Electromagnetic | |style="text-align:center;"|Electromagnetic | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
|} | |} | ||
|style="text-align:center;"| | |style="text-align:center;"| | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| − | ! scope="row" colspan="2"| | + | ! scope="row" colspan="2"|Projective Lens |
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! scope="row"| | + | ! scope="row"|Number of Projective Lens |
|style="text-align:center;"| | |style="text-align:center;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! scope="row"| | + | ! scope="row"|Current Stability |
| − | |style="text-align:center;"| | + | |style="text-align:center;"| |
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! scope="row"| | + | ! scope="row"|Polpeace Configuration |
|style="text-align:center;"| | |style="text-align:center;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! scope="row"| | + | ! scope="row"|Avalible Polpeace Magnifications |
|style="text-align:center;"| | |style="text-align:center;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! scope="row"| | + | ! scope="row"|Alignment |
|style="text-align:center;"| | |style="text-align:center;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! scope="row"| | + | ! scope="row"|Lens Type |
|style="text-align:center;"| | |style="text-align:center;"| | ||
| − | + | |} | |
| − | + | |} | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | == X-Ray Micro Analyzers == | |
| − | + | ||
| + | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| + | ! scope="row" colspan="9" style="text-align:left;"|[[Elmisonde]] | ||
| + | |-style="vertical-align:top;" | ||
| + | |style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"|[[File:Siemens - Elmisonde - Overview from Brochure.jpg|200px|link=Elmisonde]] | ||
|style="text-align:center;"| | |style="text-align:center;"| | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| − | ! scope="row" colspan="2"| | + | ! scope="row" colspan="2"|General |
|- | |- | ||
| − | + | ! scope="row"|Year | |
| − | + | |style="text-align:center;"| 1961 | |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | ! scope="row"|Year | ||
| − | |style="text-align:center;"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"|Successor | ! scope="row"|Successor | ||
| − | |style="text-align:center;"| | + | |style="text-align:center;"| none |
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"|Magnification Range | ! scope="row"|Magnification Range | ||
| Line 428: | Line 536: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"|Magnification Gauge Type | ! scope="row"|Magnification Gauge Type | ||
| − | |style="text-align:center;"| | + | |style="text-align:center;"| |
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"|Specemin Chamber Pressure | ! scope="row"|Specemin Chamber Pressure | ||
| − | |style="text-align:center;"| | + | |style="text-align:center;"| |
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"|Power Consumption | ! scope="row"|Power Consumption | ||
| − | |style="text-align:center;"| | + | |style="text-align:center;"| |
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"|System Weight | ! scope="row"|System Weight | ||
| Line 444: | Line 552: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"| Accelerator Type | ! scope="row"| Accelerator Type | ||
| − | |style="text-align:center;"|[[ | + | |style="text-align:center;"|Single Stage [[Electron Gun]] |
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"| Cathode Type | ! scope="row"| Cathode Type | ||
| − | |style="text-align:center;"|[[ | + | |style="text-align:center;"|[[Tungsten Hairpin]] |
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"| Accelerating Voltage | ! scope="row"| Accelerating Voltage | ||
| − | |style="text-align:center;"| | + | |style="text-align:center;"|40, 60, 80, 100 KV |
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"|Stability | ! scope="row"|Stability | ||
| − | |style="text-align:center;"| | + | |style="text-align:center;"|2*10⁻⁵/min |
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"|Cathode Heating Methode | ! scope="row"|Cathode Heating Methode | ||
| − | |style="text-align:center;"| | + | |style="text-align:center;"|AC |
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"|Alignment Methode | ! scope="row"|Alignment Methode | ||
| − | |style="text-align:center;"| | + | |style="text-align:center;"|X, Y, Mechanical |
|} | |} | ||
|style="text-align:center;"| | |style="text-align:center;"| | ||
| Line 466: | Line 574: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"|Number of Condensor Lenses | ! scope="row"|Number of Condensor Lenses | ||
| − | |style="text-align:center;"| | + | |style="text-align:center;"|2 |
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"|Current Stability | ! scope="row"|Current Stability | ||
| Line 472: | Line 580: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"|Stigmator | ! scope="row"|Stigmator | ||
| − | |style="text-align:center;"| | + | |style="text-align:center;"|Moveing Iron, Mechanical |
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"|Minimum Spot Size Diameter | ! scope="row"|Minimum Spot Size Diameter | ||
| − | |style="text-align:center;"| | + | |style="text-align:center;"| |
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"|Condensor Alignment | ! scope="row"|Condensor Alignment | ||
| − | |style="text-align:center;"| | + | |style="text-align:center;"|X, Y, and Tilt, Mechanical |
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"|Lens Type | ! scope="row"|Lens Type | ||
| Line 492: | Line 600: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"|X, Y Travel Range | ! scope="row"|X, Y Travel Range | ||
| − | |style="text-align:center;"| | + | |style="text-align:center;"| ± 0.8 mm |
|} | |} | ||
|style="text-align:center;"| | |style="text-align:center;"| | ||
| Line 511: | Line 619: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"|Stigmator | ! scope="row"|Stigmator | ||
| − | |style="text-align:center;"| | + | |style="text-align:center;"|Moveing Iron, Mechanical |
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"|Alignment Aids | ! scope="row"|Alignment Aids | ||
| Line 533: | Line 641: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"|Polpeace Configuration | ! scope="row"|Polpeace Configuration | ||
| − | |style="text-align:center;"| | + | |style="text-align:center;"|4 Position Revolver |
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"|Avalible Polpeace Magnifications | ! scope="row"|Avalible Polpeace Magnifications | ||
| Line 545: | Line 653: | ||
|} | |} | ||
|} | |} | ||
| − | + | ||
| + | == Scanning Electron Microscops == | ||
| + | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| − | ! scope="row" colspan="9" style="text-align:left;"|[[ | + | ! scope="row" colspan="9" style="text-align:left;"|[[ETEC Autoscan| Autoscan]] |
|-style="vertical-align:top;" | |-style="vertical-align:top;" | ||
| − | |style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"|[[File: | + | |style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"|[[File:Autoscan Column.jpg|200px|link=ETEC Autoscan]] |
|style="text-align:center;"| | |style="text-align:center;"| | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| Line 555: | Line 665: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"|Year | ! scope="row"|Year | ||
| − | |style="text-align:center;"| | + | |style="text-align:center;"| 1972 |
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"|Successor | ! scope="row"|Successor | ||
| − | |style="text-align:center;"| | + | |style="text-align:center;"| none |
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"|Magnification Range | ! scope="row"|Magnification Range | ||
| − | |style="text-align:center;"| | + | |style="text-align:center;"| 20 - 550Kx |
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"|Magnification Gauge Type | ! scope="row"|Magnification Gauge Type | ||
| − | |style="text-align:center;"| | + | |style="text-align:center;"| Analog, (Digital) |
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"|Specemin Chamber Pressure | ! scope="row"|Specemin Chamber Pressure | ||
| − | |style="text-align:center;"| | + | |style="text-align:center;"| 2 * 10-4 Torr |
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"|Power Consumption | ! scope="row"|Power Consumption | ||
| − | |style="text-align:center;"| | + | |style="text-align:center;"| 3 KVA |
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"|System Weight | ! scope="row"|System Weight | ||
| Line 580: | Line 690: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"| Accelerator Type | ! scope="row"| Accelerator Type | ||
| − | |style="text-align:center;"|[[ | + | |style="text-align:center;"|Single Stage [[Electron Gun]] |
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"| Cathode Type | ! scope="row"| Cathode Type | ||
| − | |style="text-align:center;"|[[ | + | |style="text-align:center;"|[[Tungsten Hairpin]] / [[LaB6]] / [[Field Emission?]] |
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"| Accelerating Voltage | ! scope="row"| Accelerating Voltage | ||
| − | |style="text-align:center;"| | + | |style="text-align:center;"|2.5, 5, 10, 20, 30, (50) KV |
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"|Stability | ! scope="row"|Stability | ||
| Line 592: | Line 702: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"|Cathode Heating Methode | ! scope="row"|Cathode Heating Methode | ||
| − | |style="text-align:center;"| | + | |style="text-align:center;"|HF |
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"|Alignment Methode | ! scope="row"|Alignment Methode | ||
| − | |style="text-align:center;"| | + | |style="text-align:center;"|X, Y Mechanical |
|} | |} | ||
|style="text-align:center;"| | |style="text-align:center;"| | ||
| Line 602: | Line 712: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"|Number of Condensor Lenses | ! scope="row"|Number of Condensor Lenses | ||
| − | |style="text-align:center;"| | + | |style="text-align:center;"|3 |
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"|Current Stability | ! scope="row"|Current Stability | ||
| Line 608: | Line 718: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"|Stigmator | ! scope="row"|Stigmator | ||
| − | |style="text-align:center;"| | + | |style="text-align:center;"|none |
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"|Minimum Spot Size Diameter | ! scope="row"|Minimum Spot Size Diameter | ||
| − | |style="text-align:center;"| | + | |style="text-align:center;"| |
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"|Condensor Alignment | ! scope="row"|Condensor Alignment | ||
| − | |style="text-align:center;"| | + | |style="text-align:center;"|none, prealigned |
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"|Lens Type | ! scope="row"|Lens Type | ||
| − | |style="text-align:center;"|Electromagnetic | + | |style="text-align:center;"|3 gap Common Coil Electromagnetic |
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 625: | Line 735: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"|Holder Type | ! scope="row"|Holder Type | ||
| − | |style="text-align:center;"| | + | |style="text-align:center;"| |
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"|X, Y Travel Range | ! scope="row"|X, Y Travel Range | ||
| − | |style="text-align:center;"| | + | |style="text-align:center;"|+- 12.5 mm |
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! scope="row"|Z Travel Range | ||
| + | |style="text-align:center;"|25 mm | ||
|} | |} | ||
|style="text-align:center;"| | |style="text-align:center;"| | ||
| Line 635: | Line 748: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"|Focal Length | ! scope="row"|Focal Length | ||
| − | |style="text-align:center;"| | + | |style="text-align:center;"| |
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"|Adjustment Range | ! scope="row"|Adjustment Range | ||
| Line 644: | Line 757: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"|Current Stability | ! scope="row"|Current Stability | ||
| − | |style="text-align:center;"| | + | |style="text-align:center;"| |
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"|Stigmator | ! scope="row"|Stigmator | ||
| − | |style="text-align:center;"| | + | |style="text-align:center;"| Dual Quadropol Electromagnetic |
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"|Alignment Aids | ! scope="row"|Alignment Aids | ||
| Line 653: | Line 766: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"|Point Resolution | ! scope="row"|Point Resolution | ||
| − | |style="text-align:center;"| | + | |style="text-align:center;"|7 nm |
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row"|Lens Type | ! scope="row"|Lens Type | ||
|style="text-align:center;"|Electromagnetic | |style="text-align:center;"|Electromagnetic | ||
|} | |} | ||
| − | + | |} | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | = Documentation = | |
| − | + | Full list of all documents related to the Siemens Electron Microscopes. | |
| − | + | {{#tree: | |
| − | + | *[[Elmiskop I]] | |
| − | + | **Service | |
| − | + | ***{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - C70389-A2101-S116 - EO-ÜM2101-Bp7 - Stativ Bauschaltplan.pdf|C70389-A2101-S116 - EO-ÜM2101-Bp7 - Stativ Bauschaltplan}} | |
| − | + | ***{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - C70389-A11-5734 - Eo ÜM11 Zb34 - Umbau des Elmiskop I-Geräts ab F Fr 288 (7 Ordner) in Geräte mit normaler und langer Brennweite.pdf|C70389-A11-5734 - Eo ÜM11 Zb34 - Umbau des Elmiskop I-Geräts ab F Fr 288 (7 Ordner) in Geräte mit normaler und langer Brennweite}} | |
| − | + | ***{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - C70389-A11-S7 8 - Eo ÜM11 SK7 - Schaltteilliste zum Elmiskop I.pdf|C70389-A11-S7 8 - Eo ÜM11 SK7 - Schaltteilliste zum Elmiskop I}} | |
| − | + | ***{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - C70144-A154-S6 10 - EO div 154 Sk6 - Netzanschlusschrank für Elmiskop I Sammelkarte.pdf|C70144-A154-S6 10 - EO div 154 Sk6 - Netzanschlusschrank für Elmiskop I Sammelkarte}} | |
| − | + | ***{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - C70392-B8001-S2 - Eo verst 1 SK 2 - Linsenstrom-Regler Sammelkarte.pdf|C70392-B8001-S2 - Eo verst 1 SK 2 - Linsenstrom-Regler Sammelkarte}} | |
| − | + | ***{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - C70280-A1-S3 - Eo na1 SK3 - Linsenstrom-Netzgerät Sammelkarte.pdf|C70280-A1-S3 - Eo na1 SK3 - Linsenstrom-Netzgerät Sammelkarte}} | |
| − | + | ***{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - C70392-B8002-S1 - EO verst 2 Sk1 - Hochspannungsregler Sammelkarte.pdf|C70392-B8002-S1 - EO verst 2 Sk1 - Hochspannungsregler Sammelkarte}} | |
| − | + | ***{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - C70144-A148-S4 - EO div 148 SK4 - 100 kV-Gleichrichter Sammelkarte.pdf|C70144-A148-S4 - EO div 148 SK4 - 100 kV-Gleichrichter Sammelkarte}} | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ***{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - C71122-A3-A1.pdf| C71122-A3-A1 - Batteriekasten}} | |
| − | + | ***{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - Eo verst 2 SK 1.pdf|C70392-B8002-S1 - Eo verst 2 SK 1 - Hochspannungsregler Sammelkarte}} | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ***{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - C71280-A3-A1-A2.pdf|C71280-A3-A1-A2 - Netzanschlußschrank Elmiskop I}} | |
| − | + | ***{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - C71280-A3-B2 B3.pdf|C71280-A3-B2 B3 - Luftschützplatte}} | |
| − | + | ***{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - C71280-A3-B1.pdf|C71280-A3-B1 - Kondensator- und Widerstandsplatte}} | |
| − | + | ***{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - C71302-A3-A1 A2.pdf|C71302-A3-A1 A2 - Linsenstrom-Regler}} | |
| − | + | ***{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - C71302-A3-B2.pdf|C71302-A3-B2 - Chassis I}} | |
| − | + | ***{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - C71302-A3-B9.pdf|C71302-A3-B9 - Winkel mit Relaisfassung}} | |
| − | + | ***{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - C71302-A3-B10.pdf|C71302-A3-B10 - Chassis II}} | |
| − | + | ***{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - C71302-A3-B16.pdf|C71302-A3-B16 - Frontplatte, kpl.}} | |
| − | + | ***{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - C71302-A3-B19.pdf|C71302-A3-B19 - Schalteraufbau I}} | |
| − | + | ***{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - C71302-A3-B24.pdf|C71302-A3-B24 - Schalteraufbau II}} | |
| − | + | ***{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - eg uM 11 k12.pdf|C70389-A11-S12 - Schaltteilliste zum Elmiskop I}} | |
| − | + | ***{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - eg uM 2702 Sk6.pdf|C70389-A2702-S6 - Eo. ÜM 2702 SK6 - Schaltteilliste zum Bedienungskasten für Elmiskop I}} | |
| − | + | ***{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - EO div148 SK4.pdf|C70144-A148-S4 - EO. Div, 148 SK4 - 100 kV-Gleichrichter Sammelkarte}} | |
| − | + | ***{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - Eo no 1 SK 3.pdf|C70280-A1-S3 - Eo. na 1, Sk3 - Linsenstrom--Netzgerät Sammelkarte}} | |
| − | + | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| + | **Promotional | ||
| + | ***{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - 1-7601-203 - Elmikop I - Brochure.pdf|1/7601-203 - Elmikop I - Brochure}} | ||
| + | ***{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens Elmiskop 1 - Grossraum Objektkammer.pdf|Grossraum Objektkammer Brochure}} | ||
| + | ***{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens Elmiskop 1 - Objektheizeinrichtung.pdf|Objektheizeinrichtung Brochure}} | ||
| + | ***{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens Elmiskop 1 - Objektkühleinrichtung.pdf|Objektkühleinrichtung Brochure}} | ||
| + | ***{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens Elmiskop 1 - Objektraumkühlung.pdf|Objektraumkühlung Brochure}} | ||
| + | ***{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens Elmiskop 1 - Bildübertragungseinrichtung.pdf|Bildübertragungseinrichtung Brochure}} | ||
| + | ***{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - Einrichtung für Außenkinematografie am Elmiskop 1A, 1 und Elmiskop II - comp.pdf|Einrichtung für Außenkinematografie Brochure}} | ||
| + | ***{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - Einrichtung für Innenkinematographie zum Elmiskop 1, 1A und Elmisop II - comp.pdf|Einrichtung für Innenkinematographie Brochure}} | ||
| + | ***{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - 70-mm.Filmkasette für das Elmiskop 1A, 1 und II - comp.pdf|70-mm.Filmkasette Brochure}} | ||
| + | ***{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - Bildübertragungseinrichtung für Siemens-Elektronenmikroskope - comp.pdf|Bildübertragungseinrichtung Brochure}} | ||
| + | ***{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - Einrichtung für Objektraumkühlung zum Elmiskop 1 und am Elmiskop 1A - comp.pdf|Einrichtung für Objektraumkühlung Brochure}} | ||
| + | ***{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - Spitzenkathode zum Elmiskop IA und Elmiskop I - comp.pdf|Spitzenkathode Brochure}} | ||
| + | ***{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - Objektkühleinrichtung zum Elmiskop 1A und Elmiskop 1 - comp.pdf|Objektkühleinrichtunge Brochure}} | ||
| + | ***{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - Objektpatrone für Dehnungsverfahren zum Elmiskop IA und Elmiskop I - comp.pdf|Objektpatrone für Dehnungsverfahren Brochure}} | ||
| + | ***{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - Elektrischer Belichtungsverschluß zum Elmiskop IA und Elmiskop II - comp.pdf|Elektrischer Belichtungsverschluß Brochure}} | ||
| + | ***{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - Doppelkipp-Einrichtung für Objekte zum Elmiskop I und IA - comp.pdf|Doppelkipp-Einrichtung Brochure}} | ||
| + | ***{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - Großraum-Objektkammer zum Elmiskop 1A und Elmiskop 1 - comp.pdf|Großraum-Objektkammer Brochure}} | ||
| + | ***{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - Röntgenspektrometer-Zusatz zum Elmiskop IA und I - comp.pdf|Röntgenspektrometer-Zusatz Brochure}} | ||
| + | ***{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - Objektheizeinrichtung zum Elmiskop IA und Elmiskop I - comp.pdf|Objektheizeinrichtung Brochure}} | ||
| + | ***{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - Objektpatrone für Reflexionsbeugung zum Elmiskop IA, I und II - comp.pdf|Objektpatrone für Reflexionsbeugung Brochure}} | ||
| + | ***{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - Einrichtung für Simultanbeugung zum Elmiskop I und IA - comp.pdf|Einrichtung für Simultanbeugung Brochure}} | ||
| + | ***{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - Dünnwandige Objektivaperturblenden für die Elektronenmikroskopie - comp.pdf|Dünnwandige Objektivaperturblenden Brochure}} | ||
| + | ***{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - Einrichtung für Röntgenmikroanalyse (RMA) zum Elmiskop Ia und Elmiskop I - comp.pdf|Einrichtung für Röntgenmikroanalyse (RMA) Brochure}} | ||
| + | *[[Elmiskop II]] | ||
| + | **Service | ||
| + | ***{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - C70389-A13-S301 - Eo ÜM 13 str 1 - Elmiskop II Stromlaufplan.pdf|C70389-A13-S301 - Eo ÜM 13 str 1 - Elmiskop II Stromlaufplan}} | ||
| + | *[[Elmiskop IA]] | ||
| + | **Manual | ||
| + | ***{"icon":false}{{#l: Siemens-Elmiskop-IA-Band1-Bedienungsanleitung.pdf|Eg1/1000.16/10.64 - Band 1 - Bedienungsanleitung}} | ||
| + | ***{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - Elmiskop IA - Bedienungsanleitung - Band 2 - Bilder und Pläne.pdf|Eg1/1000.16/10.64 - Band 2 - Bilder und Pläne}} | ||
| + | ***{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - Elmiskop 1A - Band 2 - Abbildungen - EN DE.pdf|Eg1/1000.16/10.64e - Band 2 - Bilder und Pläne}} | ||
| + | ***{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - Elmiskop 1A - Volume 1 - Instruction Manual.pdf|Volume 1 - Instruction Manual}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | *[[Elmiskop 101]] | ||
| + | **Manual | ||
| + | ***{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - Anleitung EG 1A19 - 1d - Elmiskop 101 Bedienungsanleitung.pdf|EG 1A19 - 1d - Elmiskop 101 Bedienungsanleitung}} | ||
| + | ***{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - MWB EM Q 801def 6 76 - Transportanleitung Elmiskop 101 & 102.pdf|MWB EM Q/801def/6.76 - Transportanleitung Elmiskop 101 & 102}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | *[[Elmiskop 102]] | ||
| + | **Manual | ||
| + | ***{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - MWB C73000-B3100-C3-1 - Elmiskop 102 Bedienungsanleitung.pdf|MWB C73000-B3100-C3-1 - Elmiskop 102 Bedienungsanleitung}} | ||
| + | ***{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - MWB EM Q 801def 6 76 - Transportanleitung Elmiskop 101 & 102.pdf|MWB EM Q/801def/6.76 - Transportanleitung Elmiskop 101 & 102}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | *[[Elmiskop ST100F]] | ||
| + | **Service | ||
| + | ***{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - C73389-A31-A1 A3- -98 - S1- Blatt 3- ST100F - Objektiv Sonderbauunterlage.tif|C73389-A31-A1 A3-*-98 - S1- Blatt 3- ST100F - Objektiv Sonderbauunterlage}} | ||
| + | **Promotional | ||
| + | ***{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - E631-1014 - Elmiskop ST100F Brochure - German.pdf|E631/1014 - Elmiskop ST100F - Brochure}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | *[[Elmiskop CT150]] | ||
| + | **Promotional | ||
| + | ***{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - E631-1016 - Elmiskop CT150 - Brochure.pdf|E631/1016 - Elmiskop CT150 - Brochure}} | ||
| + | *[[ETEC / Siemens Autoscan]] | ||
| + | **Promotional | ||
| + | ***{"icon":false}{{#l:ETEC - Seimens - E6331-1002 - Autoscan Brochure - German.pdf|E6331/1002 - Autoscan - Brochure}} | ||
| + | ***{"icon":false}{{#l:ETEC - Siemens - E633-1001-101 - Autoscan Brochure.pdf|E633/1001-101 - Autoscan - Brochure}} | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
*Price Lists / Catalogs | *Price Lists / Catalogs | ||
**{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - Preisliste Eg1 - September 1971 - Elektronenmikroskope und Zubehör - compressed.pdf|September 1971 - Elektronenmikroskope und Zubehör - Preisliste Eg1}} | **{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - Preisliste Eg1 - September 1971 - Elektronenmikroskope und Zubehör - compressed.pdf|September 1971 - Elektronenmikroskope und Zubehör - Preisliste Eg1}} | ||
| + | **{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - Elektronenoptik aktuell.pdf|Elektronenoptik aktuell CT150 & ST100F}} | ||
| + | *EG Berichte | ||
| + | **{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - 1959- Elmiskop 1- Zusammenstellung der verwendeten Dichtungen - Bis Gerät 387.pdf | ||
| + | |1961 - Woche 40 - Elmiskop 1- Zusammenstellung der verwendeten Dichtungen - Bis Gerät 387}} | ||
| + | **{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - Elmiskop 1- Zusammenstellung der verwendeten Dichtungen - Ab Gerät 388.pdf | ||
| + | |1961 - Woche 41 - Elmiskop 1- Zusammenstellung der verwendeten Dichtungen - Ab Gerät 388}} | ||
| + | **{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - Eg1 - 1961 - 28 - Hinweise zur Präparation elektronenmikroskopischer Obiekte.pdf | ||
| + | |1961 - Woche 28 - Hinweise zur Präparation elektronenmikroskopischer Obiekte}} | ||
| + | **{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - Eg1 - 1961 - 32- Die Herstellung von Kohleaufdampfschichten.pdf | ||
| + | |1961 - Woche 32 - Die Herstellung von Kohleaufdampfschichten}} | ||
| + | **{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - Eg1 - nr11 - 1963 - w48 - Kurzanleitung zur Justierung des Elmiskop I.pdf | ||
| + | |1963 - Woche 48 - Kurzanleitung zur Justierung des Elmiskop I}} | ||
| + | **{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - Eg1 - nr14 - 1964 - Literatur und Bezugsquellen für Hilfsgeräte und -materialien zur Elektronenmikroskopie.pdf | ||
| + | |1964 - Woche 54 - Literatur und Bezugsquellen für Hilfsgeräte und -materialien zur Elektronenmikroskopie}} | ||
| + | *Fokus Infomration | ||
| + | **{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - Focus Information 1 - Hochleistungs Elektronenmikroskop Elmiskop 102.pdf | ||
| + | |Focus Information 1 - Hochleistungs Elektronenmikroskop Elmiskop 102}} | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | + | [[Category:Pages using DynamicPageList parser function]] | |
= Categorie Entries = | = Categorie Entries = | ||
Latest revision as of 14:59, 1 December 2023
The Siemens Corperation has, throughout the years produced many things, among them was the very First Electron Microsocpe. The history of the Electron Microscope started with Siemenes and Ernst Ruska, together with his research team, they created the very first Electron Microscopes.
Timeline
<itimeline>
1939-01-01/1949-01-01|Universal|Übermikroskop 1949-01-01/1955-01-01|Universal|ÜM100 1954-01-01/1961-01-01|Universal|Elmiskop I 1961-01-01/1971-01-01|Universal|Elmiskop IA 1968-01-01/1971-01-01|Universal|Elmiskop 101 1971-01-01/1978-01-01|Universal|Elmiskop 102 1977-01-01/1978-01-01|Universal|Elmiskop CT150
1961-01-01/1971-01-01|EPMA|Elmisonde
1977-01-01/1978-01-01|STEM|Elmiskop ST100F
1949-01-01/1955-01-01|Budget|ÜM60 1955-01-01/1956-01-01|Budget|Elmiskop II 1956-01-01/1971-01-01|Budget|Elmiskop 51
1938-01-01|Experimental|Prototyp 1 1938-05-01|Experimental|Prototyp 2 1954-01-01|Experimental|Elmiskop II Prototype 1956-01-01|Experimental|Elmiskop 51 Prototype </itimeline>
Models
Siemens, as the company responsible for the invention of the Electron Microscope has produced many models throughout the years, also selling a rebadged version of the Etec Autoscan which was sold under the Siemens name outside the United States. Most of their models however where of the Transmission kind, mostly due to Ernst Ruskas Prescience.
Transmission Electron Microscops
| General | |
|---|---|
| Year | 1938 |
| Successor | Prototyp 2 |
| Electron Source | |
|---|---|
| Accelerator Type | Kanalstrahlrohr |
| Acellerating Voltage | 75 KV |
| Cathode | Gas Discharge |
| Condenser | |
|---|---|
| Lens Type | Electromagnetic |
| Stage | |
|---|---|
| Holder Type | Cartridge, Top Entery |
| Objective | |
|---|---|
| Lens Type | Electromagnetic |
| Projective Lens | |
|---|---|
| Lens Type | Electromagnetic |
| No. of Lenses | 1 |
| General | |
|---|---|
| Year | 1938 |
| Successor | Übermikroskop |
| Electron Source | |
|---|---|
| Accelerator Type | Kanalstrahlrohr |
| Acellerating Voltage | 75 KV |
| Cathode | Gas Discharge |
| Condenser | |
|---|---|
| Lens Type | Electromagnetic |
| Stage | |
|---|---|
| Holder Type | Cartridge, Top Entery |
| Objective | |
|---|---|
| Lens Type | Electromagnetic |
| Resolution | 100a |
| Projective Lens | |
|---|---|
| Lens Type | Electromagnetic |
| No. of Lenses | 1 |
| General | |
|---|---|
| Year | 1939 |
| Successor | ÜM100 |
| Electron Source | |
|---|---|
| Accelerator Type | Kanalstrahlrohr |
| Acellerating Voltage | 75 KV |
| Cathode | Gas Discharge |
| Condenser | |
|---|---|
| Lens Type | Electromagnetic |
| Stage | |
|---|---|
| Holder Type | Cartridge, Top Entery |
| Objective | |
|---|---|
| Lens Type | Electromagnetic |
| Resolution | 100a |
| Projective Lens | |
|---|---|
| Lens Type | Electromagnetic |
| No. of Lenses | 1 |
| General | |
|---|---|
| Year | 1949 |
| Successor | Elmiskop I |
| Chamber Pressure | 1·10⁻⁴ Torr |
| Electron Source | |
|---|---|
| Accelerator Type | Self Biased Triode |
| Acellerating Voltage | 40 KV, 60 KV, 80 KV, 100 KV |
| Cathode | Tungsten Hairpin |
| Condenser | |
|---|---|
| Lens Type | Electromagnetic |
| Stage | |
|---|---|
| Holder Type | Cartridge, Top Entery |
| Objective | |
|---|---|
| Lens Type | Electromagnetic |
| Projective Lens | |
|---|---|
| Lens Type | Electromagnetic |
| No. of Lenses | 1 |
| General | |
|---|---|
| Year | 1950 |
| Successor | Elmiskop II |
| Electron Source | |
|---|---|
| Accelerator Type | Self Biased Triode |
| Acellerating Voltage | 40, 50, 60 KV |
| Cathode | Tungsten Hairpin |
| Condenser | |
|---|---|
| Lens Type | Electromagnetic |
| Stage | |
|---|---|
| Holder Type | Cartridge, Top Entery |
| Objective | |
|---|---|
| Lens Type | Electromagnetic |
| Projective Lens | |
|---|---|
| Lens Type | Electromagnetic |
| No. of Lenses | 1 |
| General | |
|---|---|
| Year | 1954 |
| Successor | Elmiskop IA |
| Mag. Range | 200x - 200Kx |
| Mag. Gauge | Galvanometer |
| Chamber Pressure | 1·10⁻⁴ Torr |
| Power Requirment | 3.3 KVA |
| System Weight | 1200 Kg |
| Electron Source | |
|---|---|
| Accelerator Type | Self Biased Triode |
| Acellerating Voltage | 40, 60, 80, 100 KV |
| Stability | 2·10⁻⁵⁄ₘᵢₙ |
| Cathode | Tungsten Hairpin |
| Cathode Heating | AC |
| Condenser | |
|---|---|
| Lens Type | Electromagnetic |
| Nu. of Lenses | 2 |
| Stability | 1·10⁻³⁄ₘᵢₙ |
| Stigmator | Moveing Iron |
| Spot Size | 2µm |
| Stage | |
|---|---|
| Holder Type | Cartridge, Top Entery |
| Objective | |
|---|---|
| Lens Type | Electromagnetic |
| Focal Length | 2.8mm |
| Stability | 1·10⁻⁵⁄ₘᵢₙ |
| Range | 2.8mm to 7.4mm |
| Spherical Error | 3.3 mm |
| Resolution | 5Å |
| Projective Lens | |
|---|---|
| Lens Type | Electromagnetic |
| No. of Lenses | 2 |
| Stability | 1·10⁻⁴⁄ₘᵢₙ |
| Configuration | 4 Polpiece Revolver |
| Pol Piece Mag. | 12.5:1, 31.2:1, 62.5:1, 125:1, 250:1 |
| General | |
|---|---|
| Year | 1954 |
| Successor | Elmiskop II |
| Electron Source | |
|---|---|
| Accelerator Type | Self Biased Steigerwald Triode |
| Acellerating Voltage | 40, 50, 60 KV |
| Cathode | Tungsten Hairpin |
| Stage | |
|---|---|
| Holder Type | Cartridge, Top Entery |
| Objective | |
|---|---|
| Lens Type | Electromagnetic |
| Stability | 3·10⁻⁵⁄ₘᵢₙ |
| Resolution | 25Å |
| Projective Lens | |
|---|---|
| Lens Type | Electromagnetic |
| No. of Lenses | 1 |
| Configuration | 4 Polpiece Revolver |
| General | |
|---|---|
| Year | 1955 |
| Successor | Elmiskop 51 |
| Mag. Range | 295x, 1925x, 8Kx, 17Kx, 35Kx |
| Chamber Pressure | 1·10⁻⁴Torr |
| Power Requirment | 2 KVA |
| System Weight | 700 Kg |
| Electron Source | |
|---|---|
| Accelerator Type | Self Biased Steigerwald Triode |
| Acellerating Voltage | 50 KV |
| Stability | 5·10⁻⁵⁄ₘᵢₙ |
| Cathode | Tungsten Hairpin |
| Condenser | |
|---|---|
| Stigmator | Moveing Iron |
| Stage | |
|---|---|
| Holder Type | Cartridge, Top Entery |
| Objective | |
|---|---|
| Lens Type | Electromagnetic |
| Focal Length | 1.8mm |
| Stability | 3·10⁻⁵⁄ₘᵢₙ |
| Range | 2.8mm to 7.4mm |
| Resolution | 15Å |
| Projective Lens | |
|---|---|
| Lens Type | Electromagnetic |
| No. of Lenses | 1 |
| Configuration | 4 Polpiece Revolver |
| Pol Piece Mag. | 16.9:1, 69.9:1, 146:1, 300:1 |
| General | |
|---|---|
| Year | 1956 |
| Electron Source | |
|---|---|
| Accelerator Type | Self Biased Steigerwald Triode |
| Acellerating Voltage | 50 KV |
| Stability | 5·10⁻⁵⁄ₘᵢₙ |
| Cathode | Tungsten Hairpin |
| Condenser | |
|---|---|
| Stigmator | Moveing Iron |
| Objective | |
|---|---|
| Lens Type | Permanent Magnet |
| Resolution | 25-50Å |
| Projective Lens | |
|---|---|
| Lens Type | Permanent Magnet |
| No. of Lenses | 1 |
| Configuration | 4 Polpiece Revolver |
| General | |
|---|---|
| Year | 1961 |
| Successor | Elmiskop 101 |
| Mag. Range | 200x - 200Kx |
| Mag. Gauge | Galvanometer |
| Chamber Pressure | 1·10⁻⁴Torr |
| Power Requirment | 3.3 KVA |
| System Weight | 1200 Kg |
| Electron Source | |
|---|---|
| Accelerator Type | Self Biased Triode |
| Acellerating Voltage | 40, 60, 80, 100 KV |
| Stability | 2·10⁻⁵⁄ₘᵢₙ |
| Cathode | Tungsten Hairpin |
| Cathode Heating | AC |
| Condenser | |
|---|---|
| Lens Type | Electromagnetic |
| Nu. of Lenses | 2 |
| Stability | 1·10⁻³⁄ₘᵢₙ |
| Stigmator | Moveing Iron |
| Spot Size | 2µm |
| Stage | |
|---|---|
| Holder Type | Cartridge, Top Entery |
| Objective | |
|---|---|
| Lens Type | Electromagnetic |
| Focal Length | 2.8mm |
| Stability | 1·10⁻⁵⁄ₘᵢₙ |
| Range | 2.8mm to 7.4mm |
| Spherical Error | 3.3 mm |
| Resolution | 5Å |
| Projective Lens | |
|---|---|
| Lens Type | Electromagnetic |
| No. of Lenses | 2 |
| Stability | 1·10⁻⁴⁄ₘᵢₙ |
| Configuration | 4 Polpiece Revolver |
| Pol Piece Mag. | 12.5:1, 31.2:1, 62.5:1, 125:1, 250:1 |
| General | |
|---|---|
| Year | 1968 |
| Successor | Elmiskop 102 |
| Mag. Range | 285x - 260Kx |
| Mag. Gauge | Galvanometer |
| Electron Source | |
|---|---|
| Accelerator Type | Self Biased Triode |
| Acellerating Voltage | 40, 60, 80, 100, 125 KV |
| Cathode | Tungsten Hairpin |
| Condenser | |
|---|---|
| Lens Type | Electromagnetic |
| Nu. of Lenses | 2 |
| Stigmator | Electromagnetic Octopol |
| Stage | |
|---|---|
| Holder Type | Cartridge, Top Entery |
| Objective | |
|---|---|
| Lens Type | Electromagnetic |
| Projective Lens | |
|---|---|
| Lens Type | Electromagnetic |
| No. of Lenses | 2 |
| Configuration | 2 Polpiece Revolver |
| General | |
|---|---|
| Year | 1972 |
| Successor | Elmiskop 103 |
| Mag. Range | 200x - 500Kx |
| Mag. Gauge | Digital |
| Chamber Pressure | 5·10⁻⁶ Torr |
| Power Requirment | 4 KVA |
| System Weight | Kg |
| Electron Source | |
|---|---|
| Accelerator Type | Self Biased Triode |
| Acellerating Voltage | 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 125 KV |
| Stability | 2·10⁻⁶⁄ₘᵢₙ |
| Cathode | Tungsten Hairpin, Tungsten Lancet |
| Cathode Heating | DC |
| Condenser | |
|---|---|
| Lens Type | Electromagnetic |
| Nu. of Lenses | 2 |
| Stability | 5·10⁻⁶⁄ₘᵢₙ |
| Stigmator | Electromagnetic Octopol |
| Spot Size | 1.7µm / 0.5 µm |
| Stage | |
|---|---|
| Holder Type | Cartridge, Top Entery |
| Objective | |
|---|---|
| Lens Type | Electromagnetic |
| Focal Length | 2.7mm |
| Stability | < 2·10⁻⁶⁄ₘᵢₙ |
| Range | 1.6mm (20KV) to 7mm |
| Spherical Error | 2.9 mm |
| Chromatic Error | 2.1 mm |
| Resolution | 3Å |
| Projective Lens | |
|---|---|
| Lens Type | Electromagnetic |
| No. of Lenses | 3 |
| Stability | <5·10⁻⁶⁄ₘᵢₙ |
| Configuration | Single Polpiece |
| General | |
|---|---|
| Year | 1977 |
| Mag. Range | 500x - 1200Kx |
| Mag. Gauge | Digital |
| Chamber Pressure | 5·10⁻⁶ Torr |
| Power Requirment | 5.5kVA |
| System Weight | 1800Kg |
| Electron Source | |
|---|---|
| Accelerator Type | Self Biased Triode |
| Acellerating Voltage | 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 125, 150 KV |
| Stability | 2·10⁻⁶⁄ₘᵢₙ |
| Emmision Current | 100nA → 100µA |
| Cathode | Tungsten Hairpin, Tungsten Lancet |
| Cathode Heating | DC |
| Condenser | |
|---|---|
| Lens Type | Electromagnetic |
| Nu. of Lenses | 2 |
| Stability | <5·10⁻⁶⁄ₘᵢₙ |
| Stigmator | Electromagnetic Octopol |
| Spot Size | 500 nm / 200 nm |
| Stage | |
|---|---|
| Holder Type | Side Entry |
| Objective | |
|---|---|
| Lens Type | Electromagnetic |
| Focal Length | 1.7mm |
| Stability | < 2·10⁻⁷⁄ₘᵢₙ |
| Spherical Error | 1.4 mm |
| Chromatic Error | 1.3 mm |
| Resolution | 3Å |
| Projective Lens | |
|---|---|
| Lens Type | Electromagnetic |
| No. of Lenses | 3 |
| Stability | <5·10⁻⁶⁄ₘᵢₙ |
| Configuration | Single Polpiece |
| General | |
|---|---|
| Year | 1977 |
| Mag. Gauge | Digital |
| Electron Source | |
|---|---|
| Accelerator Type | Self Biased Triode |
| Acellerating Voltage | 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 KV ? |
~
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscops
| Elmiskop ST100F | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
X-Ray Micro Analyzers
| Elmisonde | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Scanning Electron Microscops
| Autoscan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Documentation
Full list of all documents related to the Siemens Electron Microscopes.
Categorie Entries