|
|
Line 50: |
Line 50: |
| objl_res=100a; | | objl_res=100a; |
| |}} | | |}} |
| + | |
| + | {{#DeviceInfoBox:tem|ÜM100|Siemens - ÜM100 - Ruska 1953.png| |
| + | OEM=File:Siemens & Halske - Logo - 1971.png; |
| + | year=1949; |
| + | successor=Elmiskop I; |
| + | accel=Self Biased Triode; |
| + | accel_volt=40 KV, 60 KV, 80 KV, 100 KV; |
| + | cath_type=Tungsten Hairpin; |
| + | conl_type=Electromagnetic; |
| + | objl_type=Electromagnetic; |
| + | proj_type=Electromagnetic; |
| + | proj_no=1; |
| + | holder=Cartridge, Top Entery; |
| + | chamber=10e-4 Torr; |
| + | |}} |
| + | |
| + | {{#DeviceInfoBox:tem|Elmiskop I|File:Elmiskop1-Front-Brochure.jpg| |
| + | OEM=File:Siemens & Halske - Logo - 1971.png; |
| + | year=1954; |
| + | mag_range=200x - 200Kx; |
| + | mag_gauge=Galvanometer; |
| + | power=3.3KVA; |
| + | weight=1200Kg; |
| + | accel_stab=2*10⁻⁵/min; |
| + | cath_heat=AC; |
| + | successor=Elmiskop IA; |
| + | accel=Self Biased Triode; |
| + | accel_volt=40 KV, 60 KV, 80 KV, 100 KV; |
| + | cath_type=Tungsten Hairpin; |
| + | conl_type=Electromagnetic; |
| + | conl_num=2; |
| + | conl_stab=10⁻³/min; |
| + | conl_stig=Moveing Iron; |
| + | conl_spot=2µm; |
| + | xy=± 0.8 mm; |
| + | objl_foc=2.8mm; |
| + | objl_range=2.8mm to 7.4mm; |
| + | objl_stab=10⁻⁵/min; |
| + | objl_res=5Å; |
| + | objl_type=Electromagnetic; |
| + | proj_type=Electromagnetic; |
| + | proj_no=2; |
| + | proj_stab=10⁻⁴/min; |
| + | proj_conf=4 Polpiece Revolver; |
| + | proj_mag=12.5:1, 31.2:1, 62.5:1, 125:1, 250:1; |
| + | holder=Cartridge, Top Entery; |
| + | chamber=10e-4 Torr; |
| + | | |
| + | {{#tree: |
| + | *Manual |
| + | **{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - Elmiskop IA - Bedienungsanleitung - Band 2 - Bilder und Pläne.pdf|Bedienungsanleitung - Band 2 - Bilder und Pläne}} |
| + | *Service Documentation |
| + | **{"icon":false}{{#l:Leybold - Gebrauchsanweisung 115 - Gasballastpumpe S2 VP2 S6 und S12 - Bauart 62.pdf|Leybold - S2, VP2, S6 & S12 Drehschieber Pumpe}} |
| + | **{"icon":false}{{#l:Leybold - Gebrauchsanweisung 363 - Öl-Diffusionspumpe DO.125.pdf|Leybold - DO-125 - Diffusionspumpe}} |
| + | **{"icon":false}{{#l:Leybold - Quecksilber - Dampfstrahlpumpen - Hg 3 - Hg 12 - Hg 45 - Gebrauchsanweisung 304 - 2 auflage.pdf|Leybold - Hg3, Hg12, Hg45 - Dampfstrahlpumpe}} |
| + | **{"icon":false}{{#l:Hreaeus - Betriebsanleitung für Vakuum Meß-und Signalgerät - Siemens Sonderausführung - MT-T-3M41S.pdf|Heraeus - Vakuum Meß-und Signalgerät MT-T-3M41S}} |
| + | **{"icon":false}{{#l:Heraeus - Betriebsanweisung für Kaltkathoden-Ionisations-Vakuummeter - Kalt-Ioni CM-P2S - Siemens Sonderausführung.pdf|Heraeus - Kalt-Ioni CM-P2S }} |
| + | *Promotional |
| + | **{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens Elmiskop 1 - Brochure.pdf|Marketing Brochure}} |
| + | **{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens Elmiskop 1 - Grossraum Objektkammer.pdf|Grossraum Objektkammer Brochure}} |
| + | **{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens Elmiskop 1 - Objektheizeinrichtung.pdf|Objektheizeinrichtung Brochure}} |
| + | **{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens Elmiskop 1 - Objektkühleinrichtung.pdf|Objektkühleinrichtung Brochure}} |
| + | **{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens Elmiskop 1 - Objektraumkühlung.pdf|Objektraumkühlung Brochure}} |
| + | **{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens Elmiskop 1 - Bildübertragungseinrichtung.pdf|Bildübertragungseinrichtung Brochure}} |
| + | **{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - Einrichtung für Außenkinematografie am Elmiskop 1A, 1 und Elmiskop II - comp.pdf|Einrichtung für Außenkinematografie Brochure}} |
| + | **{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - Einrichtung für Innenkinematographie zum Elmiskop 1, 1A und Elmisop II - comp.pdf|Einrichtung für Innenkinematographie Brochure}} |
| + | **{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - 70-mm.Filmkasette für das Elmiskop 1A, 1 und II - comp.pdf|70-mm.Filmkasette Brochure}} |
| + | **{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - Bildübertragungseinrichtung für Siemens-Elektronenmikroskope - comp.pdf|Bildübertragungseinrichtung Brochure}} |
| + | **{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - Einrichtung für Objektraumkühlung zum Elmiskop 1 und am Elmiskop 1A - comp.pdf|Einrichtung für Objektraumkühlung Brochure}} |
| + | **{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - Spitzenkathode zum Elmiskop IA und Elmiskop I - comp.pdf|Spitzenkathode Brochure}} |
| + | **{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - Objektkühleinrichtung zum Elmiskop 1A und Elmiskop 1 - comp.pdf|Objektkühleinrichtunge Brochure}} |
| + | **{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - Objektpatrone für Dehnungsverfahren zum Elmiskop IA und Elmiskop I - comp.pdf|Objektpatrone für Dehnungsverfahren Brochure}} |
| + | **{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - Elektrischer Belichtungsverschluß zum Elmiskop IA und Elmiskop II - comp.pdf|Elektrischer Belichtungsverschluß Brochure}} |
| + | **{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - Doppelkipp-Einrichtung für Objekte zum Elmiskop I und IA - comp.pdf|Doppelkipp-Einrichtung Brochure}} |
| + | **{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - Großraum-Objektkammer zum Elmiskop 1A und Elmiskop 1 - comp.pdf|Großraum-Objektkammer Brochure}} |
| + | **{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - Röntgenspektrometer-Zusatz zum Elmiskop IA und I - comp.pdf|Röntgenspektrometer-Zusatz Brochure}} |
| + | **{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - Objektheizeinrichtung zum Elmiskop IA und Elmiskop I - comp.pdf|Objektheizeinrichtung Brochure}} |
| + | **{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - Objektpatrone für Reflexionsbeugung zum Elmiskop IA, I und II - comp.pdf|Objektpatrone für Reflexionsbeugung Brochure}} |
| + | **{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - Einrichtung für Simultanbeugung zum Elmiskop I und IA - comp.pdf|Einrichtung für Simultanbeugung Brochure}} |
| + | **{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - Dünnwandige Objektivaperturblenden für die Elektronenmikroskopie - comp.pdf|Dünnwandige Objektivaperturblenden Brochure}} |
| + | **{"icon":false}{{#l:Siemens - Einrichtung für Röntgenmikroanalyse (RMA) zum Elmiskop Ia und Elmiskop I - comp.pdf|Einrichtung für Röntgenmikroanalyse (RMA) Brochure}} |
| + | *Research Papers |
| + | **{"icon":false}{{#l:Ruska et Wolff - Ein hochauflösendes 100-KV-Elektronenmikroskop mit Kleinfelddurchstahlung - 1955.pdf|Ein hochauflösendes 100-KV-Elektronenmikroskop mit Kleinfelddurchstahlung - 1955}} |
| + | }} |
| + | }} |
| | | |
| [[Category:Pages using DynamicPageList parser function]] | | [[Category:Pages using DynamicPageList parser function]] |
The Siemens Logo as seen in 1971
The Siemens Corperation has, throughout the years produced many things, among them was the very First Electron Microsocpe. The history of the Electron Microscope started with Siemenes and Ernst Ruska, together with his research team, they created the very first Electron Microscopes.
Models
Siemens, as the company responsible for the invention of the Electron Microscope has produced many models throughout the years, also selling a rebadged version of the Etec Autoscan which was sold under the Siemens name outside the United States. Most of their models however where of the Transmission kind, mostly due to Ernst Ruskas Prescience.
Transmission Electron Microscops new
test
{{#DeviceInfoBox:tem|Prototyp 1|File:Siemens - Prototyp.png|
OEM=File:Siemens & Halske - Logo - 1971.png;
year=1938;
successor=Prototyp 2;
accel=Kanalstrahlrohr;
accel_volt=75 KV;
cath_type=Gas Discharge;
conl_type=Electromagnetic;
objl_type=Electromagnetic;
proj_type=Electromagnetic;
proj_no=1;
holder=Cartridge, Top Entery;
|}}
{{#DeviceInfoBox:tem|Prototyp 2|File:Ruska Prototype 3 - meek.jpg|
OEM=File:Siemens & Halske - Logo - 1971.png;
year=1938;
successor=Übermikroskop;
accel=Kanalstrahlrohr;
accel_volt=75 KV;
cath_type=Gas Discharge;
conl_type=Electromagnetic;
objl_type=Electromagnetic;
proj_type=Electromagnetic;
proj_no=1;
holder=Cartridge, Top Entery;
objl_res=100a;
|}}
{{#DeviceInfoBox:tem|Übermikroskop|File:Siemens - Übermikroskop - Meek.jpg|
OEM=File:Siemens & Halske - Logo - 1971.png;
year=1939;
successor=ÜM100;
accel=Kanalstrahlrohr;
accel_volt=75 KV;
cath_type=Gas Discharge;
conl_type=Electromagnetic;
objl_type=Electromagnetic;
proj_type=Electromagnetic;
proj_no=1;
holder=Cartridge, Top Entery;
objl_res=100a;
|}}
{{#DeviceInfoBox:tem|ÜM100|Siemens - ÜM100 - Ruska 1953.png|
OEM=File:Siemens & Halske - Logo - 1971.png;
year=1949;
successor=Elmiskop I;
accel=Self Biased Triode;
accel_volt=40 KV, 60 KV, 80 KV, 100 KV;
cath_type=Tungsten Hairpin;
conl_type=Electromagnetic;
objl_type=Electromagnetic;
proj_type=Electromagnetic;
proj_no=1;
holder=Cartridge, Top Entery;
chamber=10e-4 Torr;
|}}
{{#DeviceInfoBox:tem|Elmiskop I|File:Elmiskop1-Front-Brochure.jpg|
OEM=File:Siemens & Halske - Logo - 1971.png;
year=1954;
mag_range=200x - 200Kx;
mag_gauge=Galvanometer;
power=3.3KVA;
weight=1200Kg;
accel_stab=2*10⁻⁵/min;
cath_heat=AC;
successor=Elmiskop IA;
accel=Self Biased Triode;
accel_volt=40 KV, 60 KV, 80 KV, 100 KV;
cath_type=Tungsten Hairpin;
conl_type=Electromagnetic;
conl_num=2;
conl_stab=10⁻³/min;
conl_stig=Moveing Iron;
conl_spot=2µm;
xy=± 0.8 mm;
objl_foc=2.8mm;
objl_range=2.8mm to 7.4mm;
objl_stab=10⁻⁵/min;
objl_res=5Å;
objl_type=Electromagnetic;
proj_type=Electromagnetic;
proj_no=2;
proj_stab=10⁻⁴/min;
proj_conf=4 Polpiece Revolver;
proj_mag=12.5:1, 31.2:1, 62.5:1, 125:1, 250:1;
holder=Cartridge, Top Entery;
chamber=10e-4 Torr;
|
- Manual
- Service Documentation
- Promotional
- Research Papers
}}
Transmission Electron Microscops
High Speed Oscillograph Electron Source
|
|
General
|
Year
|
1933
|
Successor
|
Prototype 1
|
Magnification Range
|
N/A
|
Magnification Gauge Type
|
N/A
|
Specemin Chamber Pressure
|
10⁻3 Torr
|
Power Consumption
|
|
System Weight
|
|
|
Electrion Source
|
Accelerator Type
|
Kanalstrahlrohr
|
Cathode Type
|
Gas Discharge
|
Accelerating Voltage
|
75 KV
|
Stability
|
|
Cathode Heating Methode
|
N/A
|
Alignment Methode
|
|
|
Condensor
|
Number of Condensor Lenses
|
2
|
Current Stability
|
|
Stigmator
|
N/A
|
Minimum Spot Size Diameter
|
|
Condensor Alignment
|
|
Lens Type
|
Electromagnetic
|
|
Stage
|
Holder Type
|
Cartridge, Top Entry
|
X, Y Travel Range
|
N/A
|
|
Objective Lens
|
Focal Length
|
N/A
|
Adjustment Range
|
N/A
|
Spherical Error
|
N/A
|
Current Stability
|
N/A
|
Stigmator
|
N/A
|
Alignment Aids
|
N/A
|
Point Resolution
|
N/A
|
Lens Type
|
N/A
|
|
Projective Lens
|
Number of Projective Lens
|
N/A
|
Current Stability
|
N/A
|
Polpeace Configuration
|
N/A
|
Avalible Polpeace Magnifications
|
N/A
|
Alignment
|
N/A
|
Lens Type
|
N/A
|
|
Prototyp 1
|
|
General
|
Year
|
1933
|
Successor
|
Prototype 2
|
Magnification Range
|
|
Magnification Gauge Type
|
|
Specemin Chamber Pressure
|
10⁻3 Torr
|
Power Consumption
|
|
System Weight
|
|
|
Electrion Source
|
Accelerator Type
|
Kanalstrahlrohr
|
Cathode Type
|
Gas Discharge
|
Accelerating Voltage
|
75 KV
|
Stability
|
|
Cathode Heating Methode
|
N/A
|
Alignment Methode
|
|
|
Condensor
|
Number of Condensor Lenses
|
1
|
Current Stability
|
|
Stigmator
|
|
Minimum Spot Size Diameter
|
|
Condensor Alignment
|
|
Lens Type
|
Electromagnetic
|
|
Stage
|
Holder Type
|
Cartridge, Top Entry
|
X, Y Travel Range
|
N/A
|
|
Objective Lens
|
Focal Length
|
|
Adjustment Range
|
|
Spherical Error
|
|
Current Stability
|
|
Stigmator
|
|
Alignment Aids
|
|
Point Resolution
|
500 Å [1]
|
Lens Type
|
Electromagnetic
|
|
Projective Lens
|
Number of Projective Lens
|
1
|
Current Stability
|
|
Polpeace Configuration
|
Single Polpiece
|
Avalible Polpeace Magnifications
|
|
Alignment
|
|
Lens Type
|
Electromagnetic
|
|
Prototyp 2
|
|
General
|
Year
|
1938
|
Successor
|
Prototype 3
|
Magnification Range
|
|
Magnification Gauge Type
|
|
Specemin Chamber Pressure
|
10⁻3 Torr?
|
Power Consumption
|
|
System Weight
|
|
|
Electrion Source
|
Accelerator Type
|
Kanalstrahlrohr
|
Cathode Type
|
Gas Discharge
|
Accelerating Voltage
|
75 KV?
|
Stability
|
|
Cathode Heating Methode
|
N/A
|
Alignment Methode
|
|
|
Condensor
|
Number of Condensor Lenses
|
1
|
Current Stability
|
|
Stigmator
|
|
Minimum Spot Size Diameter
|
|
Condensor Alignment
|
|
Lens Type
|
Electromagnetic
|
|
Stage
|
Holder Type
|
Cartridge, Top Entry
|
X, Y Travel Range
|
N/A
|
|
Objective Lens
|
Focal Length
|
|
Adjustment Range
|
|
Spherical Error
|
|
Current Stability
|
|
Stigmator
|
|
Alignment Aids
|
|
Point Resolution
|
|
Lens Type
|
Electromagnetic
|
|
Projective Lens
|
Number of Projective Lens
|
1
|
Current Stability
|
|
Polpeace Configuration
|
Single Polpiece
|
Avalible Polpeace Magnifications
|
|
Alignment
|
|
Lens Type
|
Electromagnetic
|
|
Prototyp 3
|
|
General
|
Year
|
1938
|
Successor
|
Übermikroskop
|
Magnification Range
|
|
Magnification Gauge Type
|
|
Specemin Chamber Pressure
|
10⁻3 Torr?
|
Power Consumption
|
|
System Weight
|
|
|
Electrion Source
|
Accelerator Type
|
Kanalstrahlrohr
|
Cathode Type
|
Gas Discharge
|
Accelerating Voltage
|
75 KV
|
Stability
|
|
Cathode Heating Methode
|
N/A
|
Alignment Methode
|
|
|
Condensor
|
Number of Condensor Lenses
|
1
|
Current Stability
|
|
Stigmator
|
|
Minimum Spot Size Diameter
|
|
Condensor Alignment
|
|
Lens Type
|
Electromagnetic
|
|
Stage
|
Holder Type
|
Cartridge, Top Entry
|
X, Y Travel Range
|
N/A
|
|
Objective Lens
|
Focal Length
|
|
Adjustment Range
|
|
Spherical Error
|
|
Current Stability
|
|
Stigmator
|
|
Alignment Aids
|
|
Point Resolution
|
100 Å [2]
|
Lens Type
|
Electromagnetic
|
|
Projective Lens
|
Number of Projective Lens
|
1
|
Current Stability
|
|
Polpeace Configuration
|
Single Polpiece
|
Avalible Polpeace Magnifications
|
|
Alignment
|
|
Lens Type
|
Electromagnetic
|
|
Übermikroskop
|
|
General
|
Year
|
1939
|
Successor
|
ÜM100
|
Magnification Range
|
|
Magnification Gauge Type
|
|
Specemin Chamber Pressure
|
10⁻4 Torr?
|
Power Consumption
|
|
System Weight
|
|
|
Electrion Source
|
Accelerator Type
|
Kanalstrahlrohr
|
Cathode Type
|
Gas Discharge
|
Accelerating Voltage
|
75 KV
|
Stability
|
|
Cathode Heating Methode
|
N/A
|
Alignment Methode
|
|
|
Condensor
|
Number of Condensor Lenses
|
1
|
Current Stability
|
|
Stigmator
|
|
Minimum Spot Size Diameter
|
|
Condensor Alignment
|
|
Lens Type
|
Electromagnetic
|
|
Stage
|
Holder Type
|
Cartridge, Top Entry
|
X, Y Travel Range
|
|
|
Objective Lens
|
Focal Length
|
|
Adjustment Range
|
|
Spherical Error
|
|
Current Stability
|
|
Stigmator
|
|
Alignment Aids
|
|
Point Resolution
|
100 Å [3]
|
Lens Type
|
Electromagnetic
|
|
Projective Lens
|
Number of Projective Lens
|
1
|
Current Stability
|
|
Polpeace Configuration
|
Single Polpiece
|
Avalible Polpeace Magnifications
|
|
Alignment
|
|
Lens Type
|
Electromagnetic
|
|
ÜM100 Gen1
|
|
General
|
Year
|
1939
|
Successor
|
ÜM100
|
Magnification Range
|
|
Magnification Gauge Type
|
|
Specemin Chamber Pressure
|
10⁻4 Torr?
|
Power Consumption
|
|
System Weight
|
|
|
Electrion Source
|
Accelerator Type
|
Electron Gun
|
Cathode Type
|
Tungsten Hairpin
|
Accelerating Voltage
|
55, 70, 85, 100 KV
|
Stability
|
|
Cathode Heating Methode
|
|
Alignment Methode
|
|
|
Condensor
|
Number of Condensor Lenses
|
1
|
Current Stability
|
|
Stigmator
|
|
Minimum Spot Size Diameter
|
|
Condensor Alignment
|
|
Lens Type
|
Electromagnetic
|
|
Stage
|
Holder Type
|
Cartridge, Top Entry
|
X, Y Travel Range
|
|
|
Objective Lens
|
Focal Length
|
|
Adjustment Range
|
|
Spherical Error
|
|
Current Stability
|
|
Stigmator
|
|
Alignment Aids
|
|
Point Resolution
|
|
Lens Type
|
Electromagnetic
|
|
Projective Lens
|
Number of Projective Lens
|
1
|
Current Stability
|
|
Polpeace Configuration
|
Single Polpiece
|
Avalible Polpeace Magnifications
|
|
Alignment
|
|
Lens Type
|
Electromagnetic
|
|
ÜM100
|
|
General
|
Year
|
1949
|
Successor
|
Elmiskop I
|
Magnification Range
|
|
Magnification Gauge Type
|
|
Specemin Chamber Pressure
|
10⁻4 Torr?
|
Power Consumption
|
|
System Weight
|
|
|
Electrion Source
|
Accelerator Type
|
Electron Gun
|
Cathode Type
|
Tungsten Hairpin
|
Accelerating Voltage
|
40, 60, 80, 100 KV
|
Stability
|
|
Cathode Heating Methode
|
|
Alignment Methode
|
|
|
Condensor
|
Number of Condensor Lenses
|
1
|
Current Stability
|
|
Stigmator
|
|
Minimum Spot Size Diameter
|
|
Condensor Alignment
|
|
Lens Type
|
Electromagnetic
|
|
Stage
|
Holder Type
|
Cartridge, Top Entry
|
X, Y Travel Range
|
|
|
Objective Lens
|
Focal Length
|
|
Adjustment Range
|
|
Spherical Error
|
|
Current Stability
|
|
Stigmator
|
|
Alignment Aids
|
|
Point Resolution
|
|
Lens Type
|
Electromagnetic
|
|
Projective Lens
|
Number of Projective Lens
|
1
|
Current Stability
|
|
Polpeace Configuration
|
Single Polpiece
|
Avalible Polpeace Magnifications
|
|
Alignment
|
|
Lens Type
|
Electromagnetic
|
|
ÜM60
|
|
General
|
Year
|
1950
|
Successor
|
Elmiskop II
|
Magnification Range
|
|
Magnification Gauge Type
|
|
Specemin Chamber Pressure
|
10⁻4 Torr?
|
Power Consumption
|
|
System Weight
|
|
|
Electrion Source
|
Accelerator Type
|
Electron Gun
|
Cathode Type
|
Tungsten Hairpin
|
Accelerating Voltage
|
40, 50, 60 KV
|
Stability
|
|
Cathode Heating Methode
|
N/A
|
Alignment Methode
|
|
|
Condensor
|
Number of Condensor Lenses
|
1
|
Current Stability
|
|
Stigmator
|
|
Minimum Spot Size Diameter
|
|
Condensor Alignment
|
|
Lens Type
|
Electromagnetic
|
|
Stage
|
Holder Type
|
Cartridge, Top Entry
|
X, Y Travel Range
|
|
|
Objective Lens
|
Focal Length
|
|
Adjustment Range
|
|
Spherical Error
|
|
Current Stability
|
|
Stigmator
|
|
Alignment Aids
|
|
Point Resolution
|
|
Lens Type
|
Electromagnetic
|
|
Projective Lens
|
Number of Projective Lens
|
1
|
Current Stability
|
|
Polpeace Configuration
|
Single Polpiece
|
Avalible Polpeace Magnifications
|
|
Alignment
|
|
Lens Type
|
Electromagnetic
|
|
Elmiskop I
|
|
General
|
Year
|
1954
|
Successor
|
Elmiskop IA
|
Magnification Range
|
200x to 200,000x
|
Magnification Gauge Type
|
Galvanometer
|
Specemin Chamber Pressure
|
10⁻⁴ Torr
|
Power Consumption
|
3.3 KVA
|
System Weight
|
1200 Kg
|
|
Electrion Source
|
Accelerator Type
|
Single Stage Electron Gun
|
Cathode Type
|
Tungsten Hairpin
|
Accelerating Voltage
|
40, 60, 80, 100 KV
|
Stability
|
2*10⁻⁵/min
|
Cathode Heating Methode
|
AC
|
Alignment Methode
|
X, Y, Mechanical
|
|
Condensor
|
Number of Condensor Lenses
|
2
|
Current Stability
|
10⁻³/min
|
Stigmator
|
Moveing Iron, Mechanical
|
Minimum Spot Size Diameter
|
2000 nm
|
Condensor Alignment
|
X, Y, and Tilt, Mechanical
|
Lens Type
|
Electromagnetic
|
|
Stage
|
Holder Type
|
Cartridge, Top Entry
|
X, Y Travel Range
|
± 0.8 mm
|
|
Objective Lens
|
Focal Length
|
2.8mm
|
Adjustment Range
|
2.8mm to 7.4mm
|
Spherical Error
|
3.3mm
|
Current Stability
|
10⁻⁵/min
|
Stigmator
|
Moveing Iron, Mechanical
|
Alignment Aids
|
|
Point Resolution
|
5 Å
|
Lens Type
|
Electromagnetic
|
|
Projective Lens
|
Number of Projective Lens
|
1
|
Current Stability
|
10⁻⁴/min
|
Polpeace Configuration
|
4 Position Revolver
|
Avalible Polpeace Magnifications
|
12.5:1, 31.2:1, 62.5:1, 125:1, 250:1
|
Alignment
|
X, Y (via Rovolver Rotation) & Tilt, Mechanical
|
Lens Type
|
Electromagnetic
|
|
Elmiskop II Prototype
|
|
General
|
Year
|
1954
|
Successor
|
Elmiskop II
|
Magnification Range
|
|
Magnification Gauge Type
|
Galvanometer
|
Specemin Chamber Pressure
|
10⁻⁴ Torr
|
Power Consumption
|
|
System Weight
|
|
|
Electrion Source
|
Accelerator Type
|
Single Stage Electron Gun
|
Cathode Type
|
Tungsten Hairpin
|
Accelerating Voltage
|
40, 50, 60 KV
|
Stability
|
style="text-align:center;"
|
Cathode Heating Methode
|
AC
|
Alignment Methode
|
X, Y, Mechanical
|
|
Condensor
|
Number of Condensor Lenses
|
0
|
Current Stability
|
N/A
|
Stigmator
|
|
Minimum Spot Size Diameter
|
|
Condensor Alignment
|
X, Y, and Tilt, Mechanical
|
Lens Type
|
|
|
Stage
|
Holder Type
|
Cartridge, Top Entry
|
X, Y Travel Range
|
± 0.8 mm
|
|
Objective Lens
|
Focal Length
|
|
Adjustment Range
|
|
Spherical Error
|
|
Current Stability
|
3 * 10⁻⁵/min
|
Stigmator
|
Moveing Iron, Mechanical
|
Alignment Aids
|
|
Point Resolution
|
25 Å [4]
|
Lens Type
|
Electromagnetic
|
|
Projective Lens
|
Number of Projective Lens
|
1
|
Current Stability
|
|
Polpeace Configuration
|
4 Position Revolver
|
Avalible Polpeace Magnifications
|
|
Alignment
|
X, Y (via Rovolver Rotation) & Tilt, Mechanical
|
Lens Type
|
Electromagnetic
|
|
Elmiskop II
|
|
General
|
Year
|
1955
|
Successor
|
Elmiskop 51
|
Magnification Range
|
200x to 200,000x
|
Magnification Gauge Type
|
|
Specemin Chamber Pressure
|
10⁻⁴ Torr
|
Power Consumption
|
2 KVA
|
System Weight
|
700 Kg
|
|
Electrion Source
|
Accelerator Type
|
Single Stage Electron Gun
|
Cathode Type
|
Tungsten Hairpin
|
Accelerating Voltage
|
50 KV
|
Stability
|
5.35*10⁻9/min
|
Cathode Heating Methode
|
AC
|
Alignment Methode
|
X, Y, Mechanical
|
|
Condensor
|
Number of Condensor Lenses
|
0
|
Current Stability
|
N/A
|
Stigmator
|
|
Minimum Spot Size Diameter
|
|
Condensor Alignment
|
X, Y, and Tilt, Mechanical
|
Lens Type
|
|
|
Stage
|
Holder Type
|
Cartridge, Top Entry
|
X, Y Travel Range
|
± 0.8 mm
|
|
Objective Lens
|
Focal Length
|
1.8mm
|
Adjustment Range
|
|
Spherical Error
|
|
Current Stability
|
3 * 10⁻⁵/min
|
Stigmator
|
Moveing Iron, Mechanical
|
Alignment Aids
|
|
Point Resolution
|
20 Å
|
Lens Type
|
Electromagnetic
|
|
Projective Lens
|
Number of Projective Lens
|
1
|
Current Stability
|
10⁻⁴/min
|
Polpeace Configuration
|
4 Position Revolver
|
Avalible Polpeace Magnifications
|
16.9:1, 69.9:1, 146:1, 300:1
|
Alignment
|
X, Y (via Rovolver Rotation) & Tilt, Mechanical
|
Lens Type
|
Electromagnetic
|
|
Elmiskop 51 Prototyp
|
|
General
|
Year
|
1956
|
Successor
|
Elmiskop 51
|
Magnification Range
|
|
Magnification Gauge Type
|
|
Specemin Chamber Pressure
|
|
Power Consumption
|
|
System Weight
|
|
|
Electrion Source
|
Accelerator Type
|
Single Stage Electron Gun
|
Cathode Type
|
Tungsten Hairpin
|
Accelerating Voltage
|
50 KV
|
Stability
|
|
Cathode Heating Methode
|
AC
|
Alignment Methode
|
X, Y, Mechanical
|
|
Condensor
|
Number of Condensor Lenses
|
0
|
Current Stability
|
N/A
|
Stigmator
|
|
Minimum Spot Size Diameter
|
|
Condensor Alignment
|
|
Lens Type
|
|
|
Stage
|
Holder Type
|
Cartridge, Top Entry 9 position
|
X, Y Travel Range
|
± 0.8 mm
|
|
Objective Lens
|
Focal Length
|
|
Adjustment Range
|
|
Spherical Error
|
|
Current Stability
|
N/A
|
Stigmator
|
Moveing Iron, Mechanical
|
Alignment Aids
|
|
Point Resolution
|
50 Å [5]
|
Lens Type
|
Permanent Magnet
|
|
Projective Lens
|
Number of Projective Lens
|
1
|
Current Stability
|
N/A
|
Polpeace Configuration
|
4 Position Revolver
|
Avalible Polpeace Magnifications
|
|
Alignment
|
X, Y (via Rovolver Rotation) & Tilt, Mechanical
|
Lens Type
|
Permanent Magnet
|
|
Elmiskop IA
|
|
General
|
Year
|
1961
|
Successor
|
Elmiskop 101
|
Magnification Range
|
200x to 200,000x
|
Magnification Gauge Type
|
Galvanometer
|
Specemin Chamber Pressure
|
10⁻5Torr
|
Power Consumption
|
|
System Weight
|
|
|
Electrion Source
|
Accelerator Type
|
Single Stage Electron Gun
|
Cathode Type
|
Tungsten Hairpin
|
Accelerating Voltage
|
40, 60, 80, 100 KV
|
Stability
|
2*10⁻⁵/min
|
Cathode Heating Methode
|
AC
|
Alignment Methode
|
X, Y, Mechanical
|
|
Condensor
|
Number of Condensor Lenses
|
2
|
Current Stability
|
|
Stigmator
|
Moveing Iron, Mechanical
|
Minimum Spot Size Diameter
|
|
Condensor Alignment
|
X, Y, and Tilt, Mechanical
|
Lens Type
|
Electromagnetic
|
|
Stage
|
Holder Type
|
Cartridge, Top Entry
|
X, Y Travel Range
|
± 0.8 mm
|
|
Objective Lens
|
Focal Length
|
|
Adjustment Range
|
|
Spherical Error
|
|
Current Stability
|
|
Stigmator
|
Moveing Iron, Mechanical
|
Alignment Aids
|
|
Point Resolution
|
4 Å
|
Lens Type
|
Electromagnetic
|
|
Projective Lens
|
Number of Projective Lens
|
1
|
Current Stability
|
|
Polpeace Configuration
|
4 Position Revolver
|
Avalible Polpeace Magnifications
|
12.5:1, 31.2:1, 62.5:1, 125:1, 250:1?
|
Alignment
|
X, Y (via Rovolver Rotation) & Tilt, Mechanical
|
Lens Type
|
Electromagnetic
|
|
Elmiskop 51
|
|
General
|
Year
|
1956
|
Successor
|
Elmiskop 51
|
Magnification Range
|
|
Magnification Gauge Type
|
|
Specemin Chamber Pressure
|
|
Power Consumption
|
|
System Weight
|
|
|
Electrion Source
|
Accelerator Type
|
Single Stage Electron Gun
|
Cathode Type
|
Tungsten Hairpin
|
Accelerating Voltage
|
50 KV
|
Stability
|
|
Cathode Heating Methode
|
AC
|
Alignment Methode
|
X, Y, Mechanical
|
|
Condensor
|
Number of Condensor Lenses
|
0
|
Current Stability
|
N/A
|
Stigmator
|
|
Minimum Spot Size Diameter
|
|
Condensor Alignment
|
|
Lens Type
|
|
|
Stage
|
Holder Type
|
Cartridge, Top Entry 9 position
|
X, Y Travel Range
|
± 0.8 mm
|
|
Objective Lens
|
Focal Length
|
|
Adjustment Range
|
|
Spherical Error
|
|
Current Stability
|
N/A
|
Stigmator
|
Moveing Iron, Mechanical
|
Alignment Aids
|
|
Point Resolution
|
25-50 Å Film Grain Dependent[6]
|
Lens Type
|
Permanent Magnet
|
|
Projective Lens
|
Number of Projective Lens
|
1
|
Current Stability
|
N/A
|
Polpeace Configuration
|
4 Position Revolver
|
Avalible Polpeace Magnifications
|
|
Alignment
|
X, Y (via Rovolver Rotation) & Tilt, Mechanical
|
Lens Type
|
Permanent Magnet
|
|
Elmiskop 101
|
|
General
|
Year
|
1968
|
Successor
|
Elmiskop 102
|
Magnification Range
|
|
Magnification Gauge Type
|
|
Specemin Chamber Pressure
|
|
Power Consumption
|
|
System Weight
|
|
|
Electrion Source
|
Accelerator Type
|
Single Stage Electron Gun
|
Cathode Type
|
Tungsten Hairpin
|
Accelerating Voltage
|
40, 60, 80, 100, 125 KV
|
Stability
|
|
Cathode Heating Methode
|
|
Alignment Methode
|
X, Y, Mechanical
|
|
Condensor
|
Number of Condensor Lenses
|
2
|
Current Stability
|
|
Stigmator
|
|
Minimum Spot Size Diameter
|
|
Condensor Alignment
|
|
Lens Type
|
|
|
Stage
|
Holder Type
|
Cartridge
|
X, Y Travel Range
|
± 0.8 mm
|
|
Objective Lens
|
Focal Length
|
|
Adjustment Range
|
|
Spherical Error
|
|
Current Stability
|
|
Stigmator
|
Moveing Iron, Mechanical
|
Alignment Aids
|
|
Point Resolution
|
3-5 Å [7]
|
Lens Type
|
Electromagnetic
|
|
Projective Lens
|
Number of Projective Lens
|
1
|
Current Stability
|
|
Polpeace Configuration
|
2 Position Revolver
|
Avalible Polpeace Magnifications
|
|
Alignment
|
X, Y (via Rovolver Rotation) & Tilt, Mechanical
|
Lens Type
|
Electromagnetic
|
|
Elmiskop 102
|
|
General
|
Year
|
1972
|
Successor
|
Elmiskop 103
|
Magnification Range
|
|
Magnification Gauge Type
|
|
Specemin Chamber Pressure
|
|
Power Consumption
|
|
System Weight
|
|
|
Electrion Source
|
Accelerator Type
|
Single Stage Electron Gun
|
Cathode Type
|
Tungsten Hairpin
|
Accelerating Voltage
|
40, 60, 80, 100, 125 KV
|
Stability
|
|
Cathode Heating Methode
|
|
Alignment Methode
|
X, Y, Mechanical
|
|
Condensor
|
Number of Condensor Lenses
|
2
|
Current Stability
|
|
Stigmator
|
|
Minimum Spot Size Diameter
|
|
Condensor Alignment
|
|
Lens Type
|
|
|
Stage
|
Holder Type
|
Cartridge
|
X, Y Travel Range
|
± 0.8 mm
|
|
Objective Lens
|
Focal Length
|
|
Adjustment Range
|
|
Spherical Error
|
|
Current Stability
|
|
Stigmator
|
Moveing Iron, Mechanical
|
Alignment Aids
|
|
Point Resolution
|
2 Å (Line) 3 Å (Point) [8]
|
Lens Type
|
Electromagnetic
|
|
Projective Lens
|
Number of Projective Lens
|
1
|
Current Stability
|
|
Polpeace Configuration
|
1
|
Avalible Polpeace Magnifications
|
|
Alignment
|
X, Y (via Rovolver Rotation) & Tilt, Mechanical
|
Lens Type
|
Electromagnetic
|
|
Elmiskop 103
|
|
General
|
Year
|
|
Successor
|
Elmiskop 104
|
Magnification Range
|
|
Magnification Gauge Type
|
|
Specemin Chamber Pressure
|
|
Power Consumption
|
|
System Weight
|
|
|
Electrion Source
|
Accelerator Type
|
Single Stage Electron Gun?
|
Cathode Type
|
Tungsten Hairpinß
|
Accelerating Voltage
|
40, 60, 80, 100, 125 KV ?
|
Stability
|
|
Cathode Heating Methode
|
|
Alignment Methode
|
X, Y, Mechanical
|
|
Condensor
|
Number of Condensor Lenses
|
2
|
Current Stability
|
|
Stigmator
|
|
Minimum Spot Size Diameter
|
|
Condensor Alignment
|
|
Lens Type
|
|
|
Stage
|
Holder Type
|
Cartridge
|
X, Y Travel Range
|
± 0.8 mm
|
|
Objective Lens
|
Focal Length
|
|
Adjustment Range
|
|
Spherical Error
|
|
Current Stability
|
|
Stigmator
|
|
Alignment Aids
|
|
Point Resolution
|
|
Lens Type
|
Electromagnetic
|
|
Projective Lens
|
Number of Projective Lens
|
1
|
Current Stability
|
|
Polpeace Configuration
|
1
|
Avalible Polpeace Magnifications
|
|
Alignment
|
X, Y (via Rovolver Rotation) & Tilt, Mechanical
|
Lens Type
|
Electromagnetic
|
|
Elmiskop 104
|
|
General
|
Year
|
|
Successor
|
none
|
Magnification Range
|
|
Magnification Gauge Type
|
|
Specemin Chamber Pressure
|
|
Power Consumption
|
|
System Weight
|
|
|
Electrion Source
|
Accelerator Type
|
Single Stage Electron Gun?
|
Cathode Type
|
Tungsten Hairpinß
|
Accelerating Voltage
|
40, 60, 80, 100, 125 KV ?
|
Stability
|
|
Cathode Heating Methode
|
|
Alignment Methode
|
X, Y, Mechanical
|
|
Condensor
|
Number of Condensor Lenses
|
2
|
Current Stability
|
|
Stigmator
|
|
Minimum Spot Size Diameter
|
|
Condensor Alignment
|
|
Lens Type
|
|
|
Stage
|
Holder Type
|
Cartridge
|
X, Y Travel Range
|
± 0.8 mm
|
|
Objective Lens
|
Focal Length
|
|
Adjustment Range
|
|
Spherical Error
|
|
Current Stability
|
|
Stigmator
|
|
Alignment Aids
|
|
Point Resolution
|
|
Lens Type
|
Electromagnetic
|
|
Projective Lens
|
Number of Projective Lens
|
1
|
Current Stability
|
|
Polpeace Configuration
|
1
|
Avalible Polpeace Magnifications
|
|
Alignment
|
X, Y (via Rovolver Rotation) & Tilt, Mechanical
|
Lens Type
|
Electromagnetic
|
|
Elmiskop CT150
|
|
General
|
Year
|
1977
|
Successor
|
none
|
Magnification Range
|
|
Magnification Gauge Type
|
|
Specemin Chamber Pressure
|
|
Power Consumption
|
|
System Weight
|
|
|
Electrion Source
|
Accelerator Type
|
|
Cathode Type
|
|
Accelerating Voltage
|
|
Stability
|
|
Cathode Heating Methode
|
|
Alignment Methode
|
|
|
Condensor
|
Number of Condensor Lenses
|
|
Current Stability
|
|
Stigmator
|
|
Minimum Spot Size Diameter
|
|
Condensor Alignment
|
|
Lens Type
|
|
|
Stage
|
Holder Type
|
|
X, Y Travel Range
|
|
|
Objective Lens
|
Focal Length
|
|
Adjustment Range
|
|
Spherical Error
|
|
Current Stability
|
|
Stigmator
|
|
Alignment Aids
|
|
Point Resolution
|
|
Lens Type
|
Electromagnetic
|
|
Projective Lens
|
Number of Projective Lens
|
|
Current Stability
|
|
Polpeace Configuration
|
|
Avalible Polpeace Magnifications
|
|
Alignment
|
|
Lens Type
|
|
|
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscops
Elmiskop ST100F
|
|
General
|
Year
|
1977
|
Successor
|
none
|
Magnification Range
|
50x - 10e7X
|
Magnification Gauge Type
|
|
Specemin Chamber Pressure
|
10e-7 mBar
|
Power Consumption
|
|
System Weight
|
|
|
Electrion Source
|
Accelerator Type
|
Crewe FE Electron Gun
|
Cathode Type
|
Cold Field Emmision
|
Accelerating Voltage
|
20, 40, 60, 80, 100 KV, (10 - 30 KV)
|
Stability
|
2*10e-6
|
Cathode Heating Methode
|
N/A
|
Alignment Methode
|
|
|
Condensor
|
Number of Condensor Lenses
|
1
|
Current Stability
|
2*10e-6
|
Stigmator
|
|
Minimum Spot Size Diameter
|
|
Condensor Alignment
|
|
Lens Type
|
Crewe Electrostatic
|
|
Stage
|
Holder Type
|
|
X, Y Travel Range
|
+- 1 mm
|
|
Objective Lens
|
Focal Length
|
1.8 mm
|
Adjustment Range
|
|
Spherical Error
|
1.3 mm
|
Chromatic Error
|
1.3 mm
|
Current Stability
|
1 * 10e-6
|
Stigmator
|
Electromagnetic
|
Alignment Aids
|
|
Point Resolution
|
2 Å
|
Lens Type
|
Electromagnetic
|
|
Projective Lens
|
Number of Projective Lens
|
|
Current Stability
|
|
Polpeace Configuration
|
|
Avalible Polpeace Magnifications
|
|
Alignment
|
|
Lens Type
|
|
|
X-Ray Micro Analyzers
Elmisonde
|
|
General
|
Year
|
1961
|
Successor
|
none
|
Magnification Range
|
|
Magnification Gauge Type
|
|
Specemin Chamber Pressure
|
|
Power Consumption
|
|
System Weight
|
|
|
Electrion Source
|
Accelerator Type
|
Single Stage Electron Gun
|
Cathode Type
|
Tungsten Hairpin
|
Accelerating Voltage
|
40, 60, 80, 100 KV
|
Stability
|
2*10⁻⁵/min
|
Cathode Heating Methode
|
AC
|
Alignment Methode
|
X, Y, Mechanical
|
|
Condensor
|
Number of Condensor Lenses
|
2
|
Current Stability
|
|
Stigmator
|
Moveing Iron, Mechanical
|
Minimum Spot Size Diameter
|
|
Condensor Alignment
|
X, Y, and Tilt, Mechanical
|
Lens Type
|
Electromagnetic
|
|
Stage
|
Holder Type
|
Cartridge, Top Entry
|
X, Y Travel Range
|
± 0.8 mm
|
|
Objective Lens
|
Focal Length
|
|
Adjustment Range
|
|
Spherical Error
|
|
Current Stability
|
|
Stigmator
|
Moveing Iron, Mechanical
|
Alignment Aids
|
|
Point Resolution
|
|
Lens Type
|
Electromagnetic
|
|
Projective Lens
|
Number of Projective Lens
|
1
|
Current Stability
|
|
Polpeace Configuration
|
4 Position Revolver
|
Avalible Polpeace Magnifications
|
|
Alignment
|
|
Lens Type
|
Electromagnetic
|
|
Scanning Electron Microscops
Autoscan
|
|
General
|
Year
|
1972
|
Successor
|
none
|
Magnification Range
|
20 - 550Kx
|
Magnification Gauge Type
|
Analog, (Digital)
|
Specemin Chamber Pressure
|
2 * 10-4 Torr
|
Power Consumption
|
3 KVA
|
System Weight
|
|
|
|
Condensor
|
Number of Condensor Lenses
|
3
|
Current Stability
|
|
Stigmator
|
none
|
Minimum Spot Size Diameter
|
|
Condensor Alignment
|
none, prealigned
|
Lens Type
|
3 gap Common Coil Electromagnetic
|
|
Stage
|
Holder Type
|
|
X, Y Travel Range
|
+- 12.5 mm
|
Z Travel Range
|
25 mm
|
|
Objective Lens
|
Focal Length
|
|
Adjustment Range
|
|
Spherical Error
|
|
Current Stability
|
|
Stigmator
|
Dual Quadropol Electromagnetic
|
Alignment Aids
|
|
Point Resolution
|
7 nm
|
Lens Type
|
Electromagnetic
|
|
References
- ↑ Geoffrey A. Meek, Practical Electron Microscopy for the Biologist, 2nd Edition (1976), Page 57
- ↑ Geoffrey A. Meek, Practical Electron Microscopy for the Biologist, 2nd Edition (1976), Page 58
- ↑ Geoffrey A. Meek, Practical Electron Microscopy for the Biologist, 2nd Edition (1976), Page 58
- ↑ K. Müller & E. Ruska, Ein vereinfachtest Elektromagnetisches Durschstahlungsmikroskop für Elektronen von 40 bis 60KV*), 1954
- ↑ K. Müller & E. Ruska, Ein Hilfselektronenmikroskop für Kurs- und Routinebetrieb, (1956), Vierter Internationaler Kongress für Elektronenmikroskopie, Physikalisch Technischer teil, Page 184-187
- ↑ Geoffrey A. Meek, Practical Electron Microscopy for the Biologist, 2nd Edition (1976), Page 489
- ↑ Geoffrey A. Meek, Practical Electron Microscopy for the Biologist, 1st Edition (1970), Page 235
- ↑ Geoffrey A. Meek, Practical Electron Microscopy for the Biologist, 2nd Edition (1976), Page 502
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